4 WORKSHEETS
Alice Silva Aurélia Duarte
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PRESENT SIMPLE / PRESENT CONTINUOUS
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Monica spent a fortnight in Sara’s house in London. Now she’s back at school and she writes an email to her about what is going on at the beginning of a new school year. Complete the email by putting the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Present Continuous:
Hello, Sara!
(be) you? I’ (2) ___________ (be) fine. This year I How (1) ___________ ___________ (be) ___________ (be) (3) _____________ (attend) a new school. I (4) _________________ (have) new _____________ (attend) _______________________ ______ (have) friends and teachers. I (5) ______________ ______________ (love) ___________________ ___ (have) (love) this school because it (6) ________________ (have) lots of (start) school in the middle of space and facilities. In Portugal we (7) _________________ __________________ _ (start) (stop) for Christmas. September and then we only (8) _________________ _________________ (stop) (9) _____________ (get) I _____________ (get) adapted to this new reality and I (10) ______________ (know)that I (11) _________________ (have) to study hard this ______________ (know) ____________________ ___ (have) year because the 10th grade (12) _____________ _____________ (be) (be) much more difficult than last year. (work) in a new office now and my father My mother (13) _______________ _______________ (work) (14) _____________ (invest) in a new project, so I (15) _______________ (suppose) this is _____________ (invest) _______________ (suppose) going to be a year of change. (have) to go because my mother OK, now I (16) _______________ _______________ (have) (17) _________________ _________________ (call) (call) me. Please, write to me soon! Love :) Monica
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Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Present Continuous. Mary is asking Monica about her new school. 1. How ___________________ you ___________________ there? (get) there? (get) 2. What time ___________________ you ___________________ the bus? (catch) bus? (catch) 3. Where ___________________ you ___________________ lunch today? (have) today? (have) 4. ___________________ you ___________________ to school with any friends today? (go) today? (go)
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PAST SIMPLE AND PAST CONTINUOUS A
Complete Ana’s diary pages. Use either the Past Simple or the Past Continuous.
August 2nd
Dear diary No friends, no fun!
August 5th
Dear diary Friends arrived!
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When I (1) ______________ (prepare) my backpack, Sara (2) ____________ (knock) on my bedroom door. They had arrived. We (3) ______________ (can) finally spend our summer holidays together! While they (4) ______________ (unpack), I (5) ______________ (go) to the reception to rent 4 bikes. The receptionist (6) _____________ (be) a strange woman! She (7) ____________ (chew) a gum while she (8) ____________ (talk) on the phone! When I (9) ______________ (tell) her I (10) ______________ (need) to rent some bikes, she (11) ______________ (blow) a bubble gum right in front of me!!! I (12) ______________ (be) astonished.
I (1) ____________ (enjoy) the time at the beach resort in the Seychelles, but without them – Sara, David and Mark – it (2) _____________ (be) boring! The only interesting thing (3) ______________ (be) the food! As it (4) _____________ (be) “all included”, I (5) _____________ (can) order anything. So I (6) ______________ (try) all the mixed sandwiches, I (7) ____________ (drink) the most incredible combinations of cocktails, and of course, I (8) _________ (become) a fan of the ice creams! My parents (9) ______________ (not can) believe their eyes!
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August 8th
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Dear diary Unfor g etable afternoon! W
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When I (1) ____________ (wake up), Sara (2) ______________ (swim) in the pool. It (3) ______________ (be) her birthday! We (4) _____________ (go) on a trip by boat, just the four of us. We (5) ______________ (sail) to a small island. It (6) ___________ (be) a beautiful spot for our party. We (7) ______________ (have) a picnic on the boat; we (8) ______________ (eat) lots of delicious food, we (9) ______________ (dance), we (10) ____________ (sunbathe); we even (11) ______________ (try) scuba diving! Sara (12) ______________ (love) it.
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3 S E R O
PRESENT PERFECT
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Fill in the blanks with the verbs in brackets in the P resent Perfect tense . 1. New Zealand ___________________________ (become) a culturally diverse and fascinating country over the past two centuries. 2. It ___________________________ (develop) into a unique country, although it still continues having a close relationship with Britain. 3. Maori tribes ________________________ (always/influence) the culture of New Zealand and lately many young people all over the world ___________________ (reproduce) their tattoos. 4. The Maori language _______________________ (be considered) a national taonga treasure. 5. New Zealand rugby team _____________________ (win) a World Cup recently. 6. New Zealand rugby players _______________________ (perform) the Haka, a war dance, before the match. 7. New Zealand ______________ (be) a nuclear free zone since the mid 1980s. 8. Its army ___________________ (focus) on peacekeeping in the Pacific region. 9. New Zealand _____________ (become) a melting-pot population. 10. As members of a unique and multicultural society many Kiwis ____________ (embrace) an urban living.
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Fill in the blanks with the P resent Perfect tense and for or s ince . 1. New Zealand governments _____________________ (see) the USA as an ally and protector _______________ the World War II. 2. Russell Crowe, a famous actor born in New Zealand, ____________ (make) his home in Australia _______________ he was a small child. 3. Jemaine Clement, a New Zealand comedian, _______________ (be married) to Miranda Manasiadis _____________ four years. 4. Rachel Hunter, born in Auckland, __________________ (be) an international top model __________________ many years. 5. New Zealand _______________________ (have) a national flag _____________________ 1834. 6. I know some people who ___________ (live) in New Zealand _____________ many years. 7. I _______________ (wait) for their letter ________________ ages. It _______________________ (finally/arrive). 8. Kiwis _______________ (be) a national symbol of New Zealand _______________ the Island was discovered. 9. New Zealand _______________ (be) the third most successful sporting nation in the world _______________ a long time. 10. Along with beef and sheep meat, New Zealand _______________ (be) the second largest producer of wool in the world.
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PAST SIMPLE OR PRESENT PERFECT A
Decide whether to use the Pas t Simple or the Present Perfect , active or passive, of the verbs provided. 24th October. Hi! I’m Sue and that’s my husband, Peter. We (1) ___________________ (decide) to make a 15-day trip to New Zealand. We (2) ___________________ (prepared) our holiday carefully. We’re at Heathrow Airport, waiting to leave England. 2nd November. I’m going to tell you about the first 10 days of our holiday. On 24th October we (3) _______ (leave) London, flying Air France. We (4) ________ (have) a short stop in Hong Kong and (5) __________ (arrive) at Auckland Airport on the 25th, in the evening. The flight (6) ________ (take) 24 hours, but New Zealand is 12 hours ahead of us. We (7) ___________________ (stay) here in Auckland for 10 days, at the five-star Auckland Harbor Oaks Hotel. On our first day we (8) _____________ (visit) the Auckland Museum, well-known for its impressive collection of Maori and Polynesian artefacts. Every day we (9) _________________ (taste) the wonderful dishes and wines of New Zealand in good restaurants. Our time (10) ______________________ (divide) between culture and leisure. Each morning until yesterday we (11 ________ (see) an exhibition or (12) ________ (go) to an art gallery or museum. And every day, today included, we (13) ______________________ (swim)and (14) ________ (sunbathe) on the beaches or in the hotel pool. We (15) __________________ (spend) most of this afternoon and evening at the Whitebait Food Festival, which celebrates the best of Kiwi hospitality. 7th November. We (16) ________ (want)to explore the countryside, get up close to friendly farm animals and enjoy outdoor activities, so, when we (17) _____ (leave) Auckland, we (18) _______ (hire) a car and (19) ________ (drive) to Mackenzie Farmstay and Horse Riding at Warkworth. Here, we (20) ____________ (ride) horses every day and (21) ___________________ (tour) the surrounding district. We’re sorry to leave, but we now have to drive to the airport.
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S T E E H S K R O W
Are the underlined parts of the sentences right or wrong? Correct them when necessary. 1. Sir Edmund Hillary, the most adventurous Kiwi, conquered Mount Everest in 1953.
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2. Kiwis have developed a passion for the outdoors. 3. The Maori have been the first to arrive in New Zealand about 1000 years ago.
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4. In 1865, Wellington has become the capital city of New Zealand. 5. The Maori language has been part of New Zealand and its culture since the first people came to the islands.
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PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS S E R O TI D
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The word ‘cyberfriend’, for a friend you met on the Internet,
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have been making some really good friends worldwide.
So, it’s not surprising that Cyberfriends.com
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has been gaining currency in the last few years.
Through Cyberfriends.com, young people
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about privacy violations on the Internet.
However, lately some young people
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has been working hard to improve privacy and safety conditions.
They have also been complaining
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has been getting lots of new members recently. have been suffering from cyberbullying.
Therefore, the administrators 1
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paragraph. Write the letter on the line after the number.
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Match the sentence beginnings on the left with the endings on the right to make a meaningful
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Build sentences in the Pres ent P erfect C ontinuous . 1. I / chat / online / for a long time ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. They / use / Cyberfriends.com / for two years _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Paula / contact / people / all over the world _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Cyberfriends.com / work / well / so far _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Jefferson / travel / around the world / thanks to friends he has met online _______________________________________________________________________________ 6. You / write / messages / for two hours _______________________________________________________________________________ 7. Epals.com / expand / rapidly this year _______________________________________________________________________________ 8. Epals.com members / promote / foreign language learning _______________________________________________________________________________
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PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE OR PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS? A
Write the numbers of the following sentences in the correct box. Continuing situation
Something completed
1. That boy used to be my cyberfriend, but now I have lost contact with him. 2. I have been having fun with people I know on epals for a long time. 3. I have just subscribed to a friendship website. 4. They have been participating in chatrooms since they subscribed to the website. 5. My epal, Monika, has been living in Italy lately. 6. I haven’t heard much from my friend Jennifer for a long time. B
Choose one of the verbs in the box. Fill in the blanks with the correct tense (P r esent Perfect
S imple or P res ent Perfect C ontinuous ). • invite • write • work • have • tell • exchange • ask • carry out • start
1. My sister _______________________________ an email exchange with a student from France. 2. They _______________________________ emails since last summer. 3. She _______________________________ her friend to come to Portugal in the summer. 4. Nevertheless, Jean (that’s her friend’s name) _______________________________ a lot lately and he doesn’t know if he will be able to come. 5. I _____________ also _____________ an account at Cyberfriends.com. My mother _______________________________ me that I spend too much time online and that’s true! 6. At last my students are interested in something! They _____________ questions about how a friendship website works and they seem to be enthusiastic about the idea of having a classroom account.
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7. Some schools _______________________________ projects of writing emails to epals in different countries, in order to improve their language skills. 8. Even my mother _______________________________ to an epal. However, she hasn’t got a reply yet.
Jennifer has been waiting for the plane to London for two hours.
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She has waited at the airport for hours.
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7 S E R O TI
GRADUAL INCREASE D E L A E R
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Use the structure more and more / better and better / etc. in the following sentences. 1. European Union programmes are becoming ____________________ (popular) nowadays. 2. These programmes aim to provide teachers with better teaching techniques and practices. The students in such a programme get ________________ (motivated) for learning. 3. Teachers and students get the possibility of getting ________________ (acquainted) with foreign cultures. 4. This programme makes the students become ________________ (familiar) with European traditions, languages and values. 5. School partnerships are considered to be ________________ (improving) to pupils and teachers' skills. 6. Schools say that the partnerships have a ________________ (strong) impact on pupils' cultural awareness. 7. Cultural and social skills, IT and foreign languages are significantly ________________ (improved) by pupils. 8. EU programmes have achieved great importance among our youngsters. Erasmus, for example has become ________________ (appealing) nowadays. 9. The chance to study abroad has turned out to be ______________ a means for success. 10. Students from all subject areas can take part in these programmes. They are becoming __________________ (excited) about it. 11. If you have not chosen your university or college, you must hurry. Vacancies are getting ___________________ (few). 12. Since Ana has gone into Erasmus in Prague, her grades have started to get _____________ (high). As the programme went on she became ____________________ (convinced) that she had made the right choice. Ever since she has decided to do a lot of practice, her grammar has been getting ________________ (good). 13. The benefits of such a programme are ________________ (big). It enables you to compete ________________ (effectively) in the European job market and your CV becomes ________________ (impressive). 14. Erasmus students say it is the best part of their time at university. Each year it’s getting ________________ (good). It is truly becoming ________________ (amazing). 15. There are many benefits to those who spend significant time in another country: the students become ________________ (open-minded and communicative) individuals, the cultural enrichment gets ________________ (large) and partying becomes ________________ (good) every day.
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PARALLEL INCREASE A
Use the structure the … comparative… the to make meaningful sentences. 1. The purpose of Erasmus is to improve the quality of higher education and strengthen its European dimension. ___________ partnerships there are ___________ choices students and teachers have. 2. Teachers say that partnering a foreign school improved their knowledge of other education systems and strengthened social skills. ___________ they enroll in the programmes, ___________ (knowledgeable) they become. 3. The Lifelong Learning Programme is considered of great impact on participating countries. ___________ you read about it, ___________ enthusiastic you get. 4. Many studies show that ___________ (long) the period spent abroad is, ___________ it enriches students' lives in the academic and professional fields. And ___________ (hard) they work, ___________ results they will obtain. 5. Knowing a foreign language makes you wiser. ___________ you practise a foreign language, ___________ (fluent) you become and ___________ (young) you are ___________ (easy) it is to learn. 6. Erasmus will improve your life at all levels. ___________ (soon) you get your application ___________ (good). 7. ___________ you travel, ___________ you learn and European programes provide it to you. 8. Kate is a student at a medical school. She had to wait a very long time for her year of Erasmus. So, ___________ (long) she waited, ___________ (impatient) she became. ___________ she thought about it, ___________ she liked the idea. 9. She had to arrange a place to live during that time. ___________ (near) the university, ___________ (good).
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10. ___________ (cheap) the accommodation, ___________ (good). ___________ she spares, ___________ (happy) her parents will be.
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11. Lifelong learning has become the key to employment – ___________ you train, ___________ (successful) you will be. 12. The Leonardo da Vinci Progamme provides motivation to further studies. ___________ (soon) you enter ___________ (good). 13. As global competition demands highly skilled workers, ___________ (skilled) you are ___________ (high) your prospects of a good job will be.
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14. Young people, especially apprentices and recent graduates, benefit a lot from entering a Leonardo da Vinci Programme. ___________ competences, knowledge and skills they gain, ___________ (good) work placement they will find.
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PAST PERFECT D E L A E R
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For each situation, write a sentence with never … before. 1. John went to London to attend a Summer Course. a) do / that _____________________________________________________________________________ b) be / London _____________________________________________________________________________ c) try / such an experience _____________________________________________________________________________ d) study / abroad _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. This course provided him with lots of new experiences. a) travel / by plane _____________________________________________________________________________ b) be / away from his family _____________________________________________________________________________ c) stay / in a boarding school _____________________________________________________________________________ d) share / the room with others _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Studying abroad allowed him to get to know other cultures. a) be / Oxford _____________________________________________________________________________ b) visit / libraries and museums _____________________________________________________________________________ c) practise / water sports _____________________________________________________________________________ d) speak / English with native speakers _____________________________________________________________________________
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Choose one of the verbs in the box. Fill in the blanks with theP as t P erfect . • have
• help
• accept
• do (2x)
• find
• talk
1. Studying in a boarding school _______________ Mark to make international friends. 2. Before deciding to go to Oxford he _______________ lots of doubts. 3. He _______________ to other students who _______________ the same. 4. His teacher _______________ some research for him, too. 5. His parents _______________ the idea easily. 6. He _______________ a nice place to stay .
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PAST PERFECT SIMPLE/PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS A
Choose the best option. 1. Since Sara decided to study abroad, her life _______________ a lot. a) had changed
b) had been changing
2. She _______________ her trip for a long time. a) had been planning
b) had planned
3. She _______________ for 2 months before she decided to enroll in the course. a) had waited
b) had been waiting
4. She _______________ of travelling to cool places. a) had always dreamt
b) had been dreaming
5. She _____________ her Spanish just in case she got the scholarship. a) had practised
b) had been practising
6. She _______________ a wonderful place to stay. a) had found
b) had been finding
7. She ____________ for such a place for a week or so. a) had been looking
b) had looked
8. She ___________ of becoming a permanent resident. a) had been thinking B
b) had thought
Fill in the blanks with the P as t S imple or Past P erfect . 1. Studying in a different learning environment was a great achievement to John. It ___________________ a useful experience because he ___________________ in a different learning environment. 2. First John graduated and then he started to travel. After he ___________________ , he ___________________ to travel. 3. He sold his house and moved to Bournemouth. Before he ___________________, he ___________________ his house.
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4. After talking to his parents for an hour or so, he felt disappointed with their answer. After he ___________________ to his parents, he ___________________ disappointed. 5. He learnt English at school, so he didn’t need a translator. He ___________________ a translator because he ___________________ English at school. 6. After convincing Sara to travel with him, John felt relieved. John was happy because he ___________________ Sara to travel with him. 7. When they got to the campus, the other students were gone. By the time they _______________ to the campus, the other students ___________________ to other activities.
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8. They joined their friends and went to the sports field. After they _______________ their friends, they ___________________ to the sports field.
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11 S E R O TI
MODAL VERBS D E L A E R
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Circle the correct option. 1. Why don’t you apply for a scholarship in Manchester? You _______________ be lucky! a) should
b) must
c) may
d) need
2. I have seen a great film about the Erasmus Programme. You _______________ see it! I’m sure you’ll enjoy it a lot! a) can
b) might
c) dare
d) must
3. The Erasmus Programme is a way for young people to experience an internship abroad. Students who are taking a professional course _______________ apply for it. a) should
b) mustn’t
c) can
d) have to
4. The European Union provides lots of chances for people to work or study abroad. People _______________ improve their curriculum in a very interesting and challenging way. a) must
b) can
c) should
d) ought to
5. Officially there are 23 languages spoken in the European Union. However, this number _______________ go up to 230 if we consider other local languages and dialects. a) may B
b) must
c) need
d) dare
Rephrase the following sentences using the most suitable modal verb. 1. She is certainly a professional writer. Her work has great quality. _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The candidates are able to apply for different programmes. _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Candidates are forbidden to apply for a work experience in their own country. _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. People over 40 years old are not allowed to apply for a vacancy. _________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Do you want me to write an email for you? _________________________________________________________________________________ 6. The candidates are orderedto fill in an application form. _________________________________________________________________________________ 7. You had better search for more information on the EU programmes. _________________________________________________________________________________ 8. It’s likely that he will be accepted. _________________________________________________________________________________ I think you should marry him!
I think I can't!
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GERUND A
Complete each sentence with one of the verbs (in the correct form) from the box. • live
• think
• answer
• lose
• try
• be(2x)
• find
• get
Sara was a 17-year-old student whose father was very strict and dull. 1. Sara tried to avoid _______________ her father’s questions. 2. She couldn’t stop _______________ about their last disagreement. 3. She couldn’t go on _______________ like that anymore but she was afraid of _______________ her temper. 4. She was tired of _______________ kept prisoner of her father’s state of mind. 5. _______________ a good student didn’t make things easier. 6. She has given up _______________ to understand his point of view. 7. She has had trouble _______________ the right solution to her problems. 8. Finally, she insisted on _______________ a place for herself.
INFINITIVE (WITH AND WITHOUT TO) OR GERUND B
Complete each sentence with one of the verbs (in the correct form) from the box. • talk
• be(2x) • change(2x) • end • act • stay • move • have (2x) • go(2x) • decide
Since she told people at home that she had a boyfriend, her troubles have multiplied.
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1. She couldn’t _______________ to the cinema with him unless she came home early. She was not allowed _______________ out after 10 p.m. 2. It was easier _______________ to her mother; she was a lot more understanding.
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3. Her mother advises her _______________ patient, that one day he will _______________.
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4. If she wanted _______________ to the disco, she had to lie and say she was staying at a friend’s. She was ashamed of _______________ like that. 5. She would like _______________ a normal life. 6. She is determined _______________ that issue with her father. 7. She wants him _______________ and _______________ more easy-going, like the other fathers she knows. 8. She is considering _______________ to another place. 9. She is tired of _____________ that sort of conflict every time she goes out with her boyfriend.
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10. Her mother will help her _______________ what to do.
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GERUND VERSUS INFINITIVE
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Choose the best options that are gramatically possible. 1. Mark is glad _______________ his grades are getting better and better. a) knowing
b) to know
c) know
2. He started _______________ hard to improve them and get the scholarship. a) study
b) to study
c) studying
3. He can’t stand _______________ on his parents any more. a) depend
b) to depend
c) depending
4. He promised _______________ his girlfriend, too. a) to help
b) help
c) helping
5. Susan wants _______________ a great biologist in the future. a) become
b) to become
c) becoming
6. She is planning _____________ hard this year. a) work
b) to work
c) working
7. They both decided _____________ their studies abroad. a) finishing B
b) to finish
c) finish
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs. (1) _______ (understand) teenagers is a hard job. It is not true that they can’t help (2) _______ (stay) out
late or (3) _______ (lie) to their parents and teachers, but they m ust (4) _______ (be) brought up (5) _______ (tell) the truth and (6) _______ (act) responsibly. Teens seem (7) _______ (enjoy)(8) _______ (go) out late. They may often (9) _______ (behave) well and decently, but they are sometimes accused, rightly or wrongly, of (10) _______ (be) drunk and disorderly. Parents usually recommend (11) _______ (arrive) at and (12) _______ (leave) a party early, and they advise their kids (13) _______ (drink) within sensible limits, but sometimes their offspring only pretend (14) _______ (follow) the advice; they think that they know best, so they start (15) _______ (get) bored and impatient and silently refuse (16) _______ (take) any advice from grown-ups. The result is that they persist in (17) _______ (drink) too much because their friends do, but, if asked, they hotly deny (18) _______ (do) anything wrong. Teenagers should (19) _______ (be) made aware of the troubles that excessive (20) _______ (drink) can (21) _______ (lead) to: embarrassing accidents, unwanted sex, fights, prison, health problems, injuries, paralysis and even death. (22) _______ (drink) and (23) _______ (drive) is particularly dangerous at night after a party when inexperienced teenage drivers are already tired or excited and can easily (24) _______ (lose) control of the car or motorbike. If you are a youngster and you see that another teenager (or older person) is unfit (25) _______ (drive), insist on (26) _______ (call) a taxi or a parent. You had better (27) _______ (be) prepared for an angry reaction, but explain to the driver that it’s better (28) _______ (be) safe than sorry and that it’s not worth (29) _______ (put) people’s lives at risk by (30) _______ (drive) under the influence of drink or drugs. Add that you would rather (31) _______ (be) half an hour late in this world than half a century early in the next!
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CONCESSIVE CLAUSES A
Find the best ending for each of the following sentences. Use a sentence from the box.
□ 1. Music plays an important role in teens’ lives … □ 2. Although youngsters have different music tastes, … □ 3. Rap and rock are two very different types of music; … □ 4.Although 64% of US teenagers under 18 use You Tube to listen to their most liked bands, …
□ 5. Despite the heavy rain, … □ 6. Although Sara enjoys listening to music, … □ 7. Even though it was still hours before their gig, … □ 8. Timothy likes Nirvana … □ 9. Music is considered a means of psychological therapy …
□ 10. In spite of disliking heavy metal, … a) grown ups try to keep up with their choices. b) the radio is their second favourite source of music. c) even though some types may not please everyone. d) I listened carefully to some CDs of Iron Maiden and Metallica. e) in spite of their noisy songs and excentric performances on stage. f) nevertheless they both send out a message in their lyrics. g) playing it in her guitar is much more fascinating. h) I stayed in the queue for six hours to buy tickets.
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i) I remained in the field to wait for Coldplay’s last performance.
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j) even though often accused of making kids misbehave.
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Complete the sentences as you wish as long as they make sense. 1. Though the Rihanna concert was too crowded, ___________________________________. 2. In spite of being successful, Rihanna ____________________________________________. 3. They managed to find seats although ___________________________________________. 4. I have already bought "Optimus Alive" tickets, though ____________________________.
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5. I can’t miss the “Marés Vivas” Festivald espite ___________________________________.
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PURPOSE CLAUSES D E L A E R
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Build sentences using the conjunctions in the box. • in order to
• so as to
• so that(2x)
• to
they can feel they are worthwhile feel cool
Teens give much importance to their body image and appearance
other people can value them
make others like them
get accepted by their eers
____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ B
Match the beginnings of the sentences to the endings. Girls like to wear make up 1. Some teenagers take good care 2. of their bodies My Dad criticized my clothes 3. and piercings They wear tatoos and piercings 4. Some teens conceal things from 5. their parents Insecure girls have plastic surgery 6.
C
a) so that, he said, I could get a respectable job. b) in order to feel better about themselves. c) to look prettier and impress boys. d) so as to shock parents and society. e) with the aim of becoming models. f) to avoid being punished.
Join the sentences using the words given in brackets. 1. James went to the shoe shop. He wanted to buy a pair of trainers.(to) _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. His brother went with him. He helped him choose the trainers. (in order to) _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. James put on a raincoat. He didn’t want to get wet. (in order not to) _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The two brothers are saving money. They want to buy a laptop. (so that) _________________________________________________________________________________
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RELATIVE CLAUSES A
Join the sentences by means of a relative
pronoun. Use commas where necessary. 1. World Wide Volunteering (WWV) is a nonprofit organisation; its aim is to make it easier for people of all ages to volunteer. ____________________________________ ____________________________________ 2. Volunteering is a great way to learn new skills; it gives you a chance to discover what kind of things you are good at. ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Tom Peach volunteered in Borneo; he took a sabatical from his job. ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Encourage your classmates to participate in volunteering activities; they can be of different kinds. ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Erica, 15, spent 2 weeks volunteering at a language camp in Spain; she is now more confident and fluent. ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. The International Red Cross responds to all kinds of disasters; its vital work is made possible by people like you. _________________________________________________________________________________ B
Join the pairs of sentences with the appropriate relative pronoun . 1. Volunteering allows you to meet people
WHICH
2. People are willing to give their valuable time to others, 3. Young people become involved in volunteering, 4. Sebastian decided to join the African Horizon Project,
WHO
b) benefits both the community and volunteers themselves. c) activities combined an English course with volunteering.
WHOSE
d) have similar interests.
_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________
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a) can influence their self-confidence and their ability to meet other challenges.
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17 S E R O TI
USED TO A
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Match the beginnings of the sentences to the correct
endings. Cell phones used to be enormous, expensive and uncool,
1.
a) now we are addicted to them.
They used to be called ‘brick’ phones,
2.
b) just because they were wireless!
We used to call them ‘portable’,
3.
c) as they were as big and heavy as bricks.
Women used to find them quickly inside their handbags, but
4.
d) nowadays we feel helpless if we leave them at home.
We used to live without cell phones, but
5.
e) now they are so small and light that it is difficult to find them when they ring!
We used to manage without them but
6.
f) but now they are extremely thin, cheap and fashionable.
B
Fill in the blanks with be/g et us ed to. 1. In the days before we had laptops, people _______________ leaving work in the office. Nowadays they _______________ bringing it home. 2. When tablets appeared, computer addicts _______________ reading and answering emails while travelling to work. 3. They _______________ doing that repeatedly. 4. Long ago people _______________ depending a lot on technological devices. (negative) 5. They _______________ living healthy lives and now they _______________ typing on the keyboard as quickly as they can. 6. Computers have brought lots of problems to parents; their kids _______________ more and more _______________ playing games till late. 7. Instead of doing homework and going to bed early they have _______________ chatting and playing online. 8. They _______________ obeying strict orders. (negative)
C
Fill in the blanks with us ed to and be/g et used to. Twenty years ago Linda worked in an office full of paperwork. Now she has a high-tech computer. 1. She _______________ carry heavy files in her briefcase. Nowadays she _______________ saving everything in the computer. 2. She _______________ take lots of letters to finish writing at home. Now she _______________ taking anything home. (negative) 3. She _______________ have her desk in a complete mess. Nowadays _______________ having her desk tidy and clean. 4. She _______________ waste a lot of time looking for documents. Now she _______________ saving them in some of the Google tools. 5. She _______________ stay in the office doing extra work. Now she _______________ going to the gym every Tuesdays and Fridays.
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ORDER OF ADJECTIVES A
Here are descriptions from a magazine of robots and films. Rewrite each sentence in the right order. Make whatever changes are necessary, e.g. add a/an. 1. 007 film: new, excellent Skyfall is ________________________________________________________________________ 2. film: science-fiction, thrilling I, Robot is a _____________________________________________________________________ 3. machines: human-friendly, amazing Robots are ______________________________________________________________________ 4. machines: obsolete, old In the future cars will be ___________________________________________________________ 5. dog: robotic, sweet, white Aibo is _________________________________________________________________________ 6. science fiction film: American, thought-provoking Artificial Intelligence is _____________________________________________________________
B
Complete the sentences with an adjective from each box. • fat • thin • unusual
• interesting • attractive
• white • orange • new • brilliant -cut • young
1. Rise of the Guardians is a(an) _______________ film. 2. Garfield is a _______________ cat. 3. This blue diamond is an _______________ jewel. 4. I’ve lost my book. It is a _______________ book. 5. He is an _______________ actor.
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1. old / great / black and white / long – Russian film _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. iron / Japanese / brown / funny – robot _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. little / terrible / plastic – android _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. leather / riding / black / new – jacket _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. industrial / ugly / Chinese / old – machines _______________________________________________________________________________
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19 S E R O
THE FUTURE: FUTURE SIMPLE, PRESENT CONTINUOUS, PRESENT SIMPLE AND GOINGTO FUTURE A
Match the sentences with the correct situation. Write the sentence numbers in the circles. 1. Domotics is a new subject in many schools. It will be a very profitable area in the future. 2. This company is going to release a new portable media player very soon. 3. They are presenting a new prototype car tomorrow in Munich. 4. The technological exhibition starts at 9 am. 5. I will take a course in electronic engineering.
a)
A premeditated intention
d)
B
b)
c) Prediction for the future
A future event in a fixed timetable
e)
An announcement of a future plan
A plan that has already been made
Complete the sentences with a suitable verb tense expressing the future: 1. Home gadgets _______________ (allow) people to have a greater quality of life in the future. 2. Some schools in Africa _______________ (be able to) work with computers in the next few years. 3. That company _______________ (release) a new android device this month. 4. CeBit, the world’s largest trade fair, _______________ (take place) from 5 to 9 March, 2013 in Hanover, Germany. 5. The fair _______________ (open) at 9am on the 5th of March. 6. Next year and once again, Japan _______________ (organise) HRI – an international conference that _______________ (explore) the theme of Holistic Human-Robot development. 7. Many students _______________ (visit) an exhibition in Germany next April. 8. The train _______________ (leave) at 10:30 am. 9. At my school, computers _______________ (be) replaced by new ones quite soon. 10. I _______________ (meet) my friend Susan tonight.
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FUTURE CONTINUOUS A
Fill in the blanks with the Future Continuous . 1. This time tomorrow I _______________ (work) on my new project. 2. Professor Robertson _______________ (give) a lecture about Information Technology next week. 3. Good luck with your new project. I _______________ (think) of you. 4. Japan _______________ (develop) a new android quite soon. 5. This time tomorrow my cousin _______________ (drive) to Madrid to participate in a trade fair. 6. _______________ (you/work) in the Faculty tomorrow? 7. The team _______________ (not/organise) another meeting so soon. 8. ‘My name’s Mrs. Johnson and I _______________ (teach) Computer Science this year.’
B
Some companies develop all sorts of projects that improve our quality of life. Write sentences using the Future C ontinuous and the cues given. 1. My friend Toby / use / the new RX100 / on his birthday / next week _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. By shopping in outlets / people / save / lots of money
________________________________________________________________________________ 3. ES Super Audio CD / take / digital sound / to a new level _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The installation team / offer / free service / over the next two months _________________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Remote macros on tablets / make / life easier / as you can forget the remote controls in your living room ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. When buying a Cyber-shot RX100 / you / get / an additional accessory free
_______________________________________________________________________________ 8. They / work / with us / on a new project / over the next weeks ________________________________________________________________________________ 9. My children / play / games on their PS3 / at this time tomorrow. _________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Students / use / new tablets / next term. R
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21 S E R O TI
REPORTED SPEECH (STATEMENTS) D E L A E R
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Rephrase the following sentences. 1. ‘Today I’m going to buy one of my favourite books by Carl Sagan.’ Ruth said that ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ‘Sara has never visited a spacecraft before.’ Tim explained ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ‘This time I will ask for a trip in a space shuttle for my birthday.’ Steve said __________________________________________________________________________ 4. ‘My brother was offered a trip in a balloon.’ Susan informed us __________________________________________________________________ 5. ‘Last month we received a sample of stones from Mars.’ An engineer from NASA said _________________________________________________________ 6. ‘After spending 3 months in the International Space Station, Sergei is returning to Earth tomorrow.’ He told the press ___________________________________________________________________
B
Use the verbs in the box and report the following sentences. • apologised
• promised
• said (2x)
• told
• repeated
• explained (2x)
1. ‘I don’t like science fiction films.’ Jack ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. ‘I’m not going to spend my time with nonsense about aliens.’ Peter __________________________________________________________________________ 3. ‘I’m sorry I told you how the film ended, Susan!’ Tom ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. ‘Yesterday my sister came here to see the eclipse of the sun.’ Susan _________________________________________________________________________ 5. ‘The Universe is my place of work; I won’t be unemployed!’ Steve __________________________________________________________________________ 6. ‘I don’t believe in aliens; I’ve never seen War of the Worlds!’ Sara __________________________________________________________________________ 7. ‘Space Cowboys benefits from the performance of four successful actors.’ The critics ______________________________________________________________________ 8. ‘Clint Eastwood directs and also stars in the film.’ Simon _________________________________________________________________________
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REPORTED SPEECH (QUESTIONS) A
Rephrase the following sentences. 1. ‘Where did you buy your new i-Phone?’ Ruth wanted to know __________________________________________ 2. ‘When will this gadget be available?’ Tim asked Susan ______________________________________________ 3. ‘How many gadgets have been released this year?’ Steve asked Marcia ___________________________________________ 4. ‘Do you intend to keep all your vinyl records?’ Susan asked Tim ____________________________________________________________________ 5. ‘Did you shop for that cell phone online?’ Peter wanted to know _______________________________________________________________ 6. ‘What happened to the old typewriter which was in my office?’ He wondered _______________________________________________________________________
B
Use the verbs in the box and report the following questions. • asked (2x)
• wondered (2x)
• questioned
• wanted to know (3x)
1. ‘Who invented the phone?’ The teacher ____________________________________________________________________ 2. ‘Do you have any information about the murder?’
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The detective ___________________________________________________________________
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3. ‘Will it be your Xmas present?’ Susan _________________________________________________________________________
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23 S E R O
THIRD CONDITIONAL
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Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb. 1. If Man hadn’t studied the Universe, a) we _______________ (remain) in complete obscurity. b) we _______________ (not know) about the existence of other planets and galaxies. c) we _______________ (not build) the International Space Station. d) we _______________ (not know) how big black holes can get. 2. If NASA hadn’t spent the government’s money properly, a) we _______________ (not send) men to the moon. b) we _______________ (not see) space probes on Mars. c) we _______________ (not be able) to travel in space. d) we _______________ (not know) about the existence of water on Mars.
B
Write sentences using the words provided and without changing the essential meaning. 1. He didn’t pay 20 million dollars. Therefore he couldn’t fly with Russian cosmonauts. If he _______________________________________________________ with Russian cosmonauts. 2. She didn’t suffer from space sickness, so she enjoyed the weightless experience flight. If she ________________________________________________ the weightless experience flight. 3. NASA invested a lot of time and money in exploring Mars, so they discovered water there. If NASA _______________________________________________________________ water there. 4. Spielberg heard about the SETI Project (Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence). It may have inspired him to make ‘ET’. Spielberg _____________________________________________________ about the SETI Project. 5. American astronauts explored the moon. It was because the Apollo Program succeeded. American astronauts _____________________________________________________ succeeded. 6. When Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon, he said it was a small step f or a man and a giant leap for mankind. If Neil Armstrong _______________________________________________________ it was a small step for a man and a giant leap for mankind. 7. The Hubble space telescope only revealed magnificent views of the universe because astronauts were able to correct a defect in its optical system. If astronauts ______________________________________________________, the Hubble space telescope ____________________ magnificent views of the universe. 8. By not attempting manned spaceflight, the European Space Agency did not incur a lot of extra expense and risk. If ESA _________________________________________________ a lot of extra expense and risk.
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PREPOSITIONS A
Fill in the blanks with at , in , on , or –. 1. The Sports Programme starts _______________ 10 pm. 2. There is no good film on TV _______________ this evening. 3. I got an email from my friend in Australia _______________ my birthday. 4. I like to watch documentaries _______________ the weekend. 5. My father likes to listen to the radio _______________ the morning. 6. The Internet is used as a source of news _______________ every day. 7. _______________ 1876 the telephone was invented. 8. There is an interesting debate on TV _______________ Sunday afternoon. 9. _______________ Christmas there are always great films on TV. 10 There was a piece of news about Obama in Time magazine _______________ last month.
B
Fill in: at , in or on . 1. _______________ a spring morning 2. _______________ the 25th of December 3. _______________ the 18th century 4. _______________ 1969 5. _______________ 6.30 am 6. _______________ midnight 7. _______________ Christmas Eve 8. _______________ the summer
C
Write sentences with the phrases in B and the cues given below. 1. the film / start
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3. earthquake / destroy / Lisbon
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_________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Neil Armstrong / walk on the moon for the first time _________________________________________________________________________________ 5. the alarm clock / go off _________________________________________________________________________________ 6. my son/ still be online / yesterday _________________________________________________________________________________ 7. they / always sing / Christmas carols _________________________________________________________________________________ 8. I / go / for long walks _________________________________________________________________________________
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25 S E R O
THE PASSIVE
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Rephrase the following sentences. 1. Magazines make computer generated composites of celebrities. Computer ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Students chose magazines that told embarrassing stories about celebrities. Magazines _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Readers have sent comments using Facebook. Comments _____________________________________________________________________ 4. Reporters will cover the war 24 hours a day. The war ________________________________________________________________________ 5. Paparazzi chase celebrities. Celebrities _____________________________________________________________________ 6. Justin Bieber’s fans have spent a lot of money on magazines. A lot of money ___________________________________________________________________
B
Circle the corrrect option. 1. Time magazine is provided/provides its readers with interesting information. 2. Reporters support/are supported by the agencies they represent. 3. A lot of information is exchanged/exchanges through the Internet every day. 4. Last century many more newspapers were sold/sold. 5. Germany exports/is exported the Frankfurt Allgemein to other countries. 6. The journalist has told/has beentold a lie by the demonstrators. 7. A new magazine will be published/will publish tomorrow. 8. Mark read/was read the news online yesterday.
C
Rewrite the newpaper headlines as complete sentences. 1. Cristiano Ronaldo offered millions for transfer _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. No filming allowed in show _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Planet being affected by global warming _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Missile launched in Afghanistan _________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Bank robbed in Leeds _________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Forest fires fought now in Australia _________________________________________________________________________________
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PASSIVE: DOUBLE OBJECT VERBS A
Change the structure. Follow the example. E.g. A present was sent to him.
He was s ent a pres ent.
1. An Internet contract was brought to us to sign. _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Facebook comments about the Prime Minister were read to the viewers. _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. A new Internet device has been lent to me for a week. _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. A prize was given to the winner of the online contest. _________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Last Christmas a new computer was given to him. _________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Some letters will be sent to her next Tuesday. _________________________________________________________________________________ B
Complete the text with expressions from the box. • was promised I can’t forget my experience at that company. I (1) ________________ this job by a friend of mine and I (2) ________________ that I had to manage the shopping online department. I needed some assistants, so I (3) ________________ three men by the human resources. I (4) __________________ that I (5) ________________ all the help I needed. However, things went wrong and two months later I (6) __________ for my work. The excuse the boss gave to me was that he (7) _____________ my credentials and he (8) _________ my certificate. I couldn’t believe what I was hearing! What a bunch of lies! It was really an awful experience!
• was sent • wasn’t being paid • hadn’t been given • had never been shown • was offered • was told • would be given
E E H C
Complete these sentences as you wish as long as they make sense. 1. My father ______________________ for his birthday. 2. I have seldom been given ______________ ____________. 3. The winner of the match was given ________________________. 4. The secretary ____________________ to send the applications by email. 5. The police ____________________ some information by the neighbours. 6. The children ____________________ some stories by their grandmother.
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Write the letter of the best word or phrase in the gap in the sentence. 1. Facebook is _____ popular that even politicians have their own pages. a) since
b) as
c) so
2. Users must use social networks carefully _____ their privacy can be invaded. a) so
b) as
c) due to
3. _____ his ‘cybercrime’, Mark got six-months’ academic probation. a) Because
b) For
c) As
4. Some people are unwise, _________ they reveal too much about themselves on Facebook . a) owing to
b) because
c) so
5. Some cybercrimes happen __________ Internet users’ carelessness. a) because of
b) because
c) since
6. Social networks can bring about happy reunions ___ _____ ___ people can find missing relatives and friends online. a) because B
b) on account of
c) because of
Complete each sentence with the most suitable word or phrase in the box. Apart from
B ecaus e/becaus e, use each item only once. • as
• because
• because(2x) • because of • being • owing to • since • the reason
• due to
(1) _____________ an Internet genius, Mark studied Computer Science at Harvard University. (2) _____________ his expertise in computer programs, he easily hacked into Harvard’s database. Mark
was able to invent Facebook (3) _____________ he had previously created an on-campus website called Facemash. (4) _____________ refusing to share the credit for the idea, Mark deeply offended some of those who had worked with him. Let’s imagine their reunion. ‘Why are you so angry with me?’ ‘(5) _____________ you cheated us out of our fair share of the fame and profits.’ ‘Nonsense. My success is entirely (6) _____________ my own brilliance and hard work.’ ‘Yeah, and modesty. (7) _____________ you’ve got so many new Facebook friends, why don’t you look happy?’ ‘(8) ________________ he looks miserable is that he’s lost all his old friends!’ ‘Hey, just (9) _____________ I’m rich and successful and you’re poor and envious, it doesn’t give you the right to pull my character to pieces!’ ‘OK, but (10) _____________ you’re a billionaire and we’re poor and hungry, why don’t you invite us out to dinner? Then we can go on criticising you in the restaurant!’
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WISH + PAST SIMPLE A Laurence is in trouble. Some hackers stole his personal data and are using them to commit crimes and even to withdraw money from the bank. Put the beginnings and endings together using I wis h + pas t si mple. beginnings
ends
(can solve) this huge problem
the hackers.
the police (find)
used in crimes.
the Internet (be)
who could help me.
my personal data (not be/being)
immediately.
I (can recover) my identity
safer.
I (know) more people
so as not to feel so insecure.
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. ____________________________________________________________________________________ B
Complete the following sentences beginning as indicated below. 1. I don’t like the fact that there are dangerous people online. I wish _____________________ dangerous people online. 2. I’d like my computer to be safer. I wish my computer _________________________ 3. I’m sorry you aren’t mature enough to chat online.
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I wish you _____________________ to chat online. 4. I regret that we still have to chat on the Internet but can’t meet face to face.
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