..
· ,
PUSAT LAT1HAN TEKNOlOGI T1NGGI (ADTEC)
5934, SATU 5, OFF JALAN BUK1T KEMUN1NG, SEKSYEN 34
40470 SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR
TAJUK
Peogujian menentusahkan janakuasa tunggu sedia.
(Testing And Commissioning Of Standby Generator Set)
TUJUAN: Kertas penerangan ini adalah bertujuan untuk menerangkan pengujian dan kamisen set janakuasa tunggusedia voltan rendah selepas janakuasa telah siap dipasang. Kertas penerangan ini juga akan menerangkan langkah-Iangkah menguji janakuasa mengikut prosidur ke~a, yang betul menu rut undang-undang bagi menentukan ia boleh digunakan dengan selamat PENERANGAN:
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Peringkat terakhir yang penting setelah siap pemasangan sistehl janakuasa tunggu sedia adalah membuat ujianprestasi. Tujuan ujian ini adalah untuk memastikan setiap peralatan berfungsi dan mengukur prestasi keseluruhan untuk menentusahkan ia berfungsi menurut sepesifikasi yang ditentukan. Proses ujian termasuklah pemeriksaan enjin diesel, operasi perlindungan enjin, voltan keluaran janakuasa, kefungsian janakuasa sebagai bekalan kecemasan tun"ggu sedia, ujlan janakuasadengan beban dan tanpa beban. Semua peralatan janakuasa mestilah dluji sepenuhnya untuk memastikan pera/atan perlindungan berfungsi semasa keadaan tidak normae Setelah semua ujian mencapai prestasi yang dikehendaki barulah akuan terima janakuasa tersebut boleh dibua,t. Ujian jariakuasa tunggu serita
Ujian-ujian yang
~jjalankan
adaJah seperti berikut.
1. Ujian pengfihatan (Visual inspection) . a. Pemeriksaan minyak enjin, bahari?lpi, air radiator, keadaan bateri (vdtan) b. Pemeriksaan bagi operasi lampu penunjuk dan peralatan (indicating lamps and instruments)
c~ Pemeriksaan pendawaian dan sambungannya.
2. Ujian rintangan penebatan
Nota: AVR mestilah diasingkan...$emasa ujian,
a. Rintangan penebatan GeJung stator setiap punca fasa dengan punca 'bumi mestilah .
lebih 2 Mega'ohm dengan penguji penebatan Megger 500 Volt
b. Rintangan penebatan kabel - setiap punca fasa dengan fasa dan bumL c. Sambungan fasa - setiap kabel fasa adalah betwl disambung dengan punca fasa. 'd. Rfntangan bumi mestilah kurang dari 1 ohm
1
c Jenis Janakuasa-Tunggusedia atau bekatan berterusan (Stand-By Or Prime) . 3. Ujian tanpa beban (No load test)
Suis janakuasa kepada 'Manual Mode' a. Mulakan dan hidupkan janakuasa (start and runs the genset) b. Periksa operasi peralatan perlindungan (protective devices) berikut: i. T ekanan minyak rendah . : Amaran dan terpelantik (warning and trip) (Low oil pressure)
iL S.uhu aidinggi
: Amaran dan terpelantik
(High water temperatl,lre) . iii. Kelaiwan lebih . (Overspeed) .
iv. Aras bahanapi renda.M tabap satu (Low fuelleve! 1st stage)
v. Aras bahanapi rendah tahap dua (Low fuel level 2nd stage)
, c. Periksa keluaran janakuasa i. Voltan (Voltage)
:·.terpelantik
: amaran
: terpelantik
: 415V (R-Y, Y-B, B-R) : 240V (R-N, Y-N, B-N)· . : Tiapa arus [no amp (no load)] : 52.5 Hz : periks8' operasi (to check operation)
ii. Aru's (Current) iii. Ulahgan (Frequency) iv: Jangka jam hidupan (Hour run meter):
d_ Hentikan janakuasa (Shutdown genset)
2
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4. Suis janakuasa kepada 'Auto Mode' a. Putuskan bekalan TNB dengan mebuka suis bekalan TNB (Off) ACB i. Periksa masa untuk menghidupkan jar:takuasa : masa biasa 5 saat (typical time 5 second) II. Periksa masa tukar alih (changeover) kepada bekalan janakuasa selepas enjin mula hidup , (masa biasa 10 saat) (typical time: 10 second) HI. Periksa kei'uaran janakuasa Voltan' : 415V (R-Y. Y-8. B-R) : 240V (R-N, Y-N, B-N)
Arus : tiada arus [no amp (no load)]
Ulangan (FreqlJency) : 52.5 Hz
iv. Periksaoperasi jangka
Hour run meter
i
Suis janakuasa kepada 'Test Mode'
a. Periksa operasi peralatan perlindungan (protective devices) berikut:-
()
GagaJ mula dihidupkan (Failure to start) : Amaran danterpelantik (typical time: 1 minute) '" ' b, Mulakan dan hidupk...n j~nakuasa (Start and runs the genset) c. Putuskan bekalan TNBdengan mebuka suis bekalan TNB (Off) ACB d. Periksa masa tukar alih (Changeover) kepada bekalan janakuasa (typical time: 10 second) , e. Periksa keJuaran jan?kuasa i. Periksa keluaran
i Voltan : 415V (R-Y, Y-B, B-R)
240V (R-N, Y~N, B-N)
Arus : amp (depends on load)
Ulangan : 50 Hz
Ii. Periksa operasi jangka
Hour run meter
I
Wh meter
Power factor meter
Ill. Sambung semula bekalan TNS der:lgan menutup swis bekalan TNB (On) AC8 Periksa masa tukar alih (changeover) kepada bekalan TNS (masa biasa 3 minit) (typical time:3 minut~s) Periksa masa berhenti'janakuasa selepas tukar alih bekalan TNS dipulihkan (masa biasa 5 mini! ) (typical time: 5 minutes)
.(
6.
Pemenksaan semu!a (Re-inspection) a. Periksa semuia janakuasa dan peralatan untuk menguji turutan kerosakan b. Suis lanakuasa kepada 'Auto Mode' .
7.
Meng,uji beban janakuasa (Load test) a. Suis janakuasa kepada 'Manual Mode' b. Mula dan hidupkan janakuasa dengan beban 50% (KYV load) menggunakan bank beban rintangan (resistive load bank) untuk selama satu jam i. Periksa ke!uaran janakuasa
Voltan : 415V (R-Y, Y-B, B-R)
240V (R-N, Y-N. B-N) Arus : amp (at 50 % IQad) Ulangan : 50 Hz iL .Periksa operasi jangka Hour run meter
'tQN meter
. KWh meter
.. Power factor meter
Ill. Periksa suhu enjin (eng:ine·temperature)
c. Ulang ujian seperti di atas pada beban 75% untuk selama satu jam d. Ulang ujian seperti di atas pada beban 100% untuk selama tiga jam e. UlaAg ujlan seperti di atas pada beb~m 110% untukselama satu jam
,HIMElI.!:·
PROTeCTS.
WALL FR.OM.
FIR.E QUE TO'
HOT Pipe'"
. AUTOMATIC t.OUVERS
.
REC1RC1,!J..AT.tOtll DAMPERS ~ Y Be. REQUIREP IN COLO Ct.IM4.rES
'
FUEL $UPP!.Y LINES
(OTHER SIDIi') .
CHECK REGULARLY
rO;::'LeAks
Vla.RATION ISOLATORS
WIN:::; 8.~IE~ WALl.. MAY Se REQUIRED OUTSIDE OUTLaT LOU\ff.:R$
TO REDUCE TR!'.NSMISSION TO REST OF BUILDING
4
Performance characteristics in isolated operation After the circuit set-up has been completed and checked, the machine-generator set is to be put into operation as follows: ).
Switch on the control unit for the pendulum m a c h i n e . _ ~-*EJ- This pennits the machine-generator set to operate in four-quadrant modus.
2.
After a brief moment the control unit signals "Error 1" in the display, because there is still no three-phase mains present.
3.
With the main switch of the three-phase power supply unit the control unit is now supplied with three-phase voltage and the error signal is ~eleted by pressing the reset pushbutton.
4.
Switch on the ventilator of the pendulum machine. This simultaneously permits the transmission of the measured torque value to the control unit.
5.
Select the operating modus _ u s i n g the opemting mode switch "Mode" on the control unit.
6.
The machine-generator set is started up by pressing the toggle switch "Reference Variable". upwards. Some time passes before the machine generator set reaches the desired speed. The operating modus selected ensures that the set value is maintained regardless of the load.
7.
Now the synchronous machine can be supplied with an excitation voltage, For this the pushbutton "UP" is pressed until the desired stator voltage has been reached.
If the speed of machine-generator set should be decelerated. then the excitation of the synchronous machine must first be lowered to zero using the pushbutto9: "DOWN". This also applies any time there is a modification in the stator circuit of the generator! Afterwards the pendulum machine can be braked to standstill by briefly actuating the toggle switch "M 0". Subsequently the switches on the three-phase power supply are opened so that the exciter circuit of the pendulum machine becomes free of current.
=
is
The sequence mentioned above to be performed in the same fashion for all experiments involving the synchronous machine in isolated operation. For additional details please refer to the in-depth description of the control unit. To record the no-load characteristics the control unit has to be initially set to a speed of 750 min· I , Measure the stator voltage corresponding to the following exciter current values when the machine is running at no-load: a.I!
IE (A):
Us (V):
0.10
.
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
Repeat the measurements for speeds of 1000 min-! and 1500 min-I. Measured values for n :: 1000 min' I : IB(A):
0.10
Us (V): bOV
0.20
0.30
, 'lOY
IHOV 130V :l"OV' "J.1Jot/ 30011
0.40
0.60
0.50
0.70
0.80
=
Measured values for n 1500 min-I: IE (A):
0.10
Us (V):
1I0V
.0.20
0.30
0.40
U)()V
:l4OV
3,40 V
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
400V 430Y 440 v.
Plot the voltage curves for the th~ speeds as a function of the exciter currents in a joint diagram and compare the curves with the statements made in the theoretical section.
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Ij
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Ii
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"t' ·_·r··..r-l·'l..--1-- t · I 1 I I Ii I. I' !: I I "--+--+--+--t-t--t--t---+0.' 0.2 0.4 /}. S 0.6 0., 0.8
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O.~
IE(A)
Result:
PCfPA kt '~j~ ~.r ,o~r (A j"'(;tt'\ oIi~~"""" , Vo ,+.VO\ keh..~ ·jt.tgtA Wvt.A+ ».e.YfClMbtA J, . ..l) tb;'a Iu'CIl)IA~ CI"'·Ie""".""~Ie.. t\ • (re 1::.~f'W'tr; i ... '~ bl'vlt."""...';I"'IC?!i""" ~«"" Clr~I9;It.:\ \£etCl' )vO\""> d"fpty,bo t,.., , IY'-~q fr-t tM,,,r; i... ~iPt bev~IVI"tAl,. I)
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PUSAT LATIHAN TEKNOLOGI TINGGI (ADTEC)
Electrical Power Department
DIESEL GENERATING SET "rEST RECOR
TeSlng f A ndeommlsslonlng OfStan dbIy Generat or s et -'
PRE I WITNESS TEST
CUSTOMER ,
JOB NO.
DATE OF TEST
-'-:
'IliNGINE TYPE:
SERIAL NO: CHARGING ALTERNATOR I DYNAMO TYPE: FUEL OIL GRADE:
•STARTER MOTOR - ryPE: -GOVERNOR TYPE:
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ALTERNATOR NAME: • Brand name: RPM: -KVA: Field ampere:
Nama Ujian 1.' Ujlan pengllhatan (VIsual Inspection)
Type : Hz: KW: Field voltage:
Jenis Ujian
Serial No. : Volta~e
: Phase: Ambient temp:
-,
Pemenksaan mlnyak enjin bahanapi, air radiator, keadaan baten (voltan operasi lampu penunjuk dan peralatan (indicating lamps and Instruments) pendawaian dan sambungannya. 2. UJlan rlntangan Rlntangan penebatan Gelung stator - setlap -penebatan punca fasa dengan punca Rintangan penebatan kabel- setiap punca fasa dengan fasa dan bum Sambungan fasa - setiap kabel fasa adalah betul disambung dengail punca fasa _3. UJian tanpa beban Suis janakuasa kepada 'Manual Mode' (No load test) Mulakan dan hidupkan janakuasa (start and runs the genset) Periksa operasi peralatan perlindungan Tekanan minyak rendah (Lawall pressure) Suhu air lingg! (High water temperature KelaJuan lebih (OVerspeed) Aras bahanapi rendah tahap satu (Low fuel level 1st stage) Aras bahanapi rendah tahap dua{Low fuel level 2nd stage)
FUEL PUMP TYPE : TURBOCHARGE TYPE: LUB OIL GRADE:
. Model No: Ampere: Insulation class: Tem()erature rise:
Keputusan Catatan
---
...
Nama Ujian
Jenis Ujian
Periksa keluaran janakuasa
Voltan (Voltage)
Keputusan Catatan
Arus (Current) Ulangan (Frequency) Jangka jam hidupan (Hour run meter):
i
Hentlkan janakuasa (Shutdown genset) 4. Suis janakuasa kepada 'Auto Mode'
Putuskan bekalan TNB dengan mebuka suls bekalan TNB (Off) ACB . Periksa masa untuk menghidupkan janakuasa
~
Stlai -
fI
S'Gl
I
Periksa masa tukar alih (changeover) kepada bekalan lanakuasa selepas eniin mula hldup Voltan (Voltage)
Periksa keluaran janakuasa
at.
Ibsod
4/rV
Arus (Current) Ulangan (Frequency)
SOil-t.
Jangka jam hidupan (Hour run meter): Sambung semula bekalan TNB dengan menutup suls bekalan TNB (On) ACB Periksa masa tukar alih (changeover) kepada bekalan TNB Periksa masa berhenti janakuasa selepas tukar alih bekalan TNB dipulihkan 5. Menguji beban Rujuk Janakuasa (Load test) DIESEL GENERATING SET TEST RECORD I
i!saat 30 S'llaf
Diperiksa oleh: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Tarikh: _ _ _ _ _ __ Nama: _______________- - - - No. I/C: _ _ _ _ _ __ Disahkan oleh : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Tarikh: _ _ _ _ _ __ Nama: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ No. IIC: _ _ _ _ _ __
Tandatangan Pensyarah :_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Nama Pensyarah Tarikh
/~
PUSAT lATlHAN TEKN'OLOGI TINGGIIAllTEC) Eleotrical Power OepaTtm'ent
DIESEL GENERATING SET TEst RECORD
CUSTOMER
JOB NO.
PRE J WITNESS TEST
ENGINE TYPE:
DATE OF TEST
FUEL PUMP TYPE:
SERIAL NO:
•
STARTER MOTOR TYPE: GOVERNOR TYPE:
CHARGI NG AL TERNATOR I DYNAMO TYPE: FUEL OIL GRADE:
TURBOCHARGE TYPE: LUB OIL GRADE:
ALTERNATOR NAME: Brand name: RPM: KVA: 100 Field ampere:
%
Time
load
Type: Hz: 5"0 KW: 90 Field voltage: RPM
Volt
HZ
Amp R
Amp Y
SEI' flO
Serial No. : Voltage: 4t5 Phase: ' Ambient temp: Amp Oil kw . Press B
Water temp
Model No: Ampere: Insulation class: Temperature rise : Amb Exhaust temp smoke
0
25 50 75
4~
15'00 I!)OO
41S'
.b-o
4 IS"
.J5
.5D
~o
.9 go
45>
4
75
313
60
100 110
-
---
Low oil pressure switch set at : Overspeed switch set at : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
High Water / Cyllinder heat temp switch set at : _ _ _ _ _ __
Teated By:
Date: _ _ _ _ _ __
Name: ________________
Certified:
Date: _ _ _ _ __
Name: _______________________
Remarks
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USEFUL FORMULAS I
TO FINO
SINGLE PHASE
THREE PHASE
DIRECT CURRENT
kVA x 1000
·E
kVA x 1000 E x 1.73
not applicable
x 746 E x % eff. x pf
.hQx746 E x "1.73 x % eft. x pf
hQ x 746 E 'x % eff.
.. AMPERES when KVA is known
h~
AMPERES when horsepower is known AMPERES when kilowatts are known
kw x 1000 ,I:' x pf
KILOWATTS
. KILOVOLT-AMPERES
.
Jx
HORSEPOWER WATTS I
"
kW x 1000 E
I· x E x pf 1000
IxEx1.73xpf 1000
I x E 1000
I xE 1000
I x E x 1.73 1000
not applicable
I x E x 1. 73 x % eff. x pf 746
I x E x % eff. 746
E x % eff. x pf 746
- kW
,
.
= ampere~
x 1000 E: x 1.73 x pf
.
E x Ix pf
-
hp = horSepower
.
E.=
volts
kW :;::.kilowatts % eff.
E x I'
E ){ I x 1.73 x pf
= percent efficiency
kVA
,
= kilovolt-amperes pf = power factor
KADARAN MUS PALANG BUS MELINTANG PAPAN SillS UTAMA Papang bus tembaga (mm) (round edge)
K..ada.ran arus (A)
1
6.3 X 25
250
2
6.3 X 31.5
300
3
6.3 X 40
No
400
,
4
6.3 X 50
500
5
6.3 X 63
600
6
6.3 X 80
800
7
6.3 X 100
1000
8
6.3 X 125
1250
9
2 X 6.3 X 50
1000
10
2 X 6.3 X 80
1600
11
2 X 6.3 X 100
2000
"
"
,
,
,
.,
