Afro - Asian International Conference on Science, Engineering & Technology AAICSET-2015 ISBN: 9-780993-909238
Literature Review on Concrete Containing Crumb Rubber as a Sustainable Material (Paper ID: Bharuch2k15C0107)
Ankit C. Patel
Umang Patel
B. M. Marwadi
Student Department of civil civil engineering Kadisarvavidhyalay, Gandhinagr
Professor Department of civil civil engineering Kadisarvavidhyalay, Gandhinagr
Professor Department of civil civil engineering Kadisarvavidhyala,; Kadisarvavidhyala,; Gandhinagar
[email protected] [email protected]
[email protected] Umangpatel13486@gm ail.com
[email protected] [email protected]
after some processing, in composite concrete materials such as asphalt pavement, water proofing systems, and membrane liners. When dealing with asphalt overlays, reflection cracks can arise and cause an unwanted crack pattern beneath the pavement. Rubber-modified Rubber-modified asphalt uses stress absorbing membranes that reduce the reflective cracking because of its elastic properties. With less cracks, there are fewer repairs, so crumb rubber assists in reducing maintenance costs. The pavement has an increased increased lifespan because because after multiple uses uses and exposure to different elements, regular asphalt loses elasticity over time. The use of the artificial rubber resists the formation of cracks and has an anti-aging effect that keeps the asphalt in a better condition.Used scrap tire rubber in cement based materials, after recycling it in coarse or fine rubber particles. Results showed that the rubberized composite concrete possesses lower density, higher toughness and ductility, lower compressive and tensile strength and more effective insulation. Mechanical behaviour of concrete containing rubber particles has been investigated.
Abstract Abstract : Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. Cement and aggregate, which are the most important constituents used in concrete production.This inevitably led to a continuous and increasing demand of natural materials used for their production. Hence to avoid demand of aggregate to make sustainable concrete rubber crumb can be utilized in manufacturing of concrete. Crumb Rubber was replaced by volume of aggregate in concrete.10% to 30% volume of fine aggregate was replaced by rubber crumb by authors in many of research papers. Mechanical strength of concrete was observed in all research papers and compared with normal concrete. Keywords: Keywords: Crumb Crumb Rubber, Rubber, Compressive Compressive Strength, Strength, Flexural Flexural Strength, Strength, Split Tensile Tensile Strength, Strength, Durability, Durability, And Mechanical Mechanical Properties. Properties.
I. I NTRODUCTION In recent years, light-weight concrete composite has become more popular constructional material owing to low density, reduction of dead load and low handling costs. The strength, durability and other characteristics of concrete depend upon the properties of its ingredients, size and proportions of mix, method of compaction and curing. The adoption of light weight concrete gives an outlet for industrial waste such as scrap rubber tires, flash, clinkers etc. which otherwise creates problem for disposal of waste. Scrap tire rubber an d flash are two major industrial wastes which are accumulating in huge volume every year. Disposal of these organic and inorganic wastes is a serious problem due to severe environmental problems. With the development development of technology, construction construction industry has opened a gateway for handling these industrial wastes. Recycling of non-degradable wastes, particularly discarded rubbers tire has become a major issue since these materials have been banned from landfills and also incineration of these wastes is not environmental friendly.Crumb Rubber is recycled rubber from automotive and truck scrap tires. During the recycling process steel and tire cord (fluff) is removed leaving tire rubber with a granular consistency. Continued processing with a granulator and/or cracker mill, possibly with the aid of cryogenics or mechanical means, reduces the size of the particles further. The particles are sized and classified based on various criteria including color (black only or black and white). Since last few years, many attempts have been made to utilize scrap tire rubber
II. LITERATURE R EVIEW EVIEW 1) Gintautas Skripkiunas, AudriusGrinys, Benjaminascernius:Benjaminascernius:The aim of investigation was to study the deformation properties of Portland cement concrete withrubber withrubber waste additive. Concrete mixtures with the same compressive strength as concrete without this additive were tested. Used tires rubber wastes were crumbed into fraction 0/1. The rubber additive was used as fine aggregate replacement in concrete mixtures by 3.2 % of aggregates mass. The effect of rubber waste additive on technological properties, air content in fresh concrete, density and deformation properties under the static and dynamic load of concrete was investigated. 2) PitiSukontasukkul, SomyotWiwatpattanapong, ‘ThammasatInt:- This study provided the test results on the mechanical and physical properties of lightweight concrete obtained by replacing portions of the conventional fine aggregate with crumb rubber from recycling waste tires. The mechanical properties were compressive and flexural strength. The physical properties were unit-weight, permeable voids, thermal conductivity and sound absorption. Results indicated
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Afro - Asian International Conference on Science, Engineering & Technology AAICSET-2015 ISBN: 9-780993-909238
that the unit-weight of crumb rubber concrete was lower than that of plain concrete. The decrease was found to be proportional with the cr umb rubber content. In addition to the decrease in unit-weight, the crumb rubber concrete also exhibited better sound and thermal properties. However, due to the low strength and stiffness of rubber, the mechanical properties of crumb rubber concrete appeared to be lower than that of plain concrete. 3)Mohammad Reza sohrabi, Mohammad karbalaie: - A lot of rubber is produced worldwide. For example, 3.6 million tons rubber is produced annually only in US. It is not possible to discharge the rubbers in the environment because they decompose very slowly and cause lots of pollution. So, it is necessary to have a relevant use of these wastages. These waste materials can be used to improve some mechanical properties of concrete. Addition of rubber to concrete r esults in the, improvement of some mechanical and dynamical properties, such as more energy adsorption, better ductility, and better crack resistance. In this paper, the 7- day and 28day compressive strength of concretes containing crumb rubber; silica fume and crumb rubber; Nano silica and crumb rubber; and Nano silica, silica fume and crumb rubber isinvestigated. For this purpose, 216 concrete specimens were prepared and their compressive strength was investigated. 4) Akinwonmi, AdemolaSamuel,Seckley, Emmanuel, Akinwonmi, Ademola Samuel, Seckley, Emmanuel:- This paper presents a research into the mechanical strength of concrete with shredded tyre and crumb tyre as aggregate replacement. The materials used to make concrete for this experiment are coarse aggregate, cement, sand, shredded tyre, crumb tyre, potable water and Ordinary Portland Cement. A total of fifteen main mixtures were cast as solid bricks with 0% replacement as control then followed by 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20% separately for both shred and crumb rubber materials. The compressive tests for the concrete cubes were carried out by applying a constant uniform pressure to the cubes of the concrete blocks until failure occurred. The results of the compressive test show that by replacing the aggregate by 2.5 % shredded tyre, the compressive strength increased by about 8.5% but at 5% replacement and beyond, the compressive strength decreased. For the Crumb tyre aggregates, the compressive strength decreased generally as the percentage replacement increased. Thus, crumb tyre is not advisable to be used as aggregate replacement due to its weak compressive strength. Shredded tyre could be used as replacement of aggregates in concrete production up to 2.5% replacement in order to help reduce the cost of concrete production arising from the increasing cost of cement, and reduce the volume of waste generated from unused tyres. 5) Parveen, Sachin Dass, Ankit Sharma: - The disposal of used tires is a major environmental problem throughout the world which causes environmental hazards. Crumb rubber is a waste material that is ideal for use in concrete applications. The aim of this study is achieved to use of rubber waste as partial replacement of fine aggregate to produce rubberize concrete in
M30 mix. Different partial replacements of crumb rubber (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) by volume of fine aggregate are cast and test for compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength and stress-strain behavior. The results showed that there is a reduction in all type of strength for crumb rubber mixture, but slump values increase as the crumb rubber content increase from 0% to 20%. Meaning that crumb rubber mixture is more workable compare to normal concrete and also it is useful in making light weight concrete. It is recommended to use the rubberized concrete for non structural applications. 6) Kotresh K.M, MesfinGetahunBelachew :- : At present the disposal of waste tyres is becoming a major waste management problem in the world. It is estimated that 1.2 billions of waste tyre rubber produced globally per year. It is estimated that 11% of post consumer tyres are exported and 27% are sent to landfill, stockpiled or dumped illegally and only 4% is used for civil engineering projects. Hence efforts have been taken to identify the potential application of waste tyres in civil engineering projects. In this context, our present study aims to investigate the optimal use of waste tyre rubber as coarse aggregate in concrete composite. A total of 24 cubes and 12 prisms are casted of M25 grade by replacing 10, 20 and 30 percent of tyre aggregate with coarse aggregate and compared with regular M20 grade concrete. Fresh and hardened concrete strength were identified. 7) N. J. Azmi B. S. Mohammed, H. M. A. Al-Mattarneh:- : The test program was carried out to develop information about the mechanical properties of rubberized concretes. A control Portland cement concrete mix (PCC) is designed using American Concrete Institute mix design methods and crumb rubber contents of 10, 15, 20 and 30% by volume were chosen by partially replacing the fine aggregate with crumb rubber. Totally 15 concrete mixes with three different water cement ratio (0.41, 0.57 and 0.68) were cast and tested for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus elasticity. The results revealed that although there is a reduction in strength for crumb rubber mixture, but slump values increase as the crumb rubber content increase from 0% to 30%. Means that crumb rubber mixture is more workable compare to normal concrete and can be acceptable to produce crumb rubber concretes. The results also indicated that inclusion crumb rubber in concrete reduced the static modulus elasticity. Although there is a reduction in modulus elasticity but the deformability crumb rubber concrete increasing compared to n ormal concrete. III.
OVERALL CONCLUSION
1) Rubber waste additives reduce static and dynamic modulus of elasticity. 2) Strains of the concrete with the same compressive strength with rubber waste from used tires (3.2 percent from aggregate by mass) deformations are 56 % – 63 % higher after the static loading, while set deformations after the unloading is 219 % – 360 % higher than for the none rubberised concrete
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Afro - Asian International Conference on Science, Engineering & Technology AAICSET-2015 ISBN: 9-780993-909238
3) Cyclic loading of 20 cycles have no influence on the Prismatic compressive strength of both concrete with And without rubber waste (3.2 percent from aggregate by mass). 4) Ultimate strains on concrete failure load are 36 % – 47 % higher for concrete with tyre rubber waste a dditive. 5) Compressive strength decreases by 96.5%, 96.4%, 96.3% and 96.2% at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% an d 40% of rubber contents respectively at 0-30% of flyash. 6) The toughness of scra p rubber modified concrete was much greater than the control mix. Due to the elastic nature of ubber, rubberized concrete is able to absorb more energy when loaded. After loading the samples, cracks starts first at the softest areas of the specimens. At higher contents of rubber (30-40%), the number of cracks and width of the crack increases which leads to collapse of the sample cube. 7) Maximum decrease in bond strength is by 60.90%, 58.40%, 76.77% and 81.47% at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% rubber content respectively. Maximum reduction in compressive strength was at 30% flyash and 40% rubber replacement. 8) By replacing conventional fine aggre-gate with crumb rubber, the unit-weight of concrete can be reduced from 14% up to 28% depending on the type and the content of the crumb rubber. 9) The lack of conventional fine aggre-gate and the presence of the crumb rubber appear to downgrade the me-chanical properties of concrete, as seen by the decrease of both compressive and flexural strength. The decrease is varied from 25% to 81%. 10) The CR concrete exhibits superior thermal and sound properties com-pared to plain concrete, as seen by the decreased thermal conductivity coeffi-cient (K) and the increased sound absorption coefficient (α) and noise reduction coefficient (NRC). 11) The 7- day and 28- day compressive strength of the specimens increased by addition of silica fume to concrete containing crumb rubber. This happens because of filling capability of silica fume fine particles as well as good adhesion between the rubber and the cement paste. 12) Addition of 2 and 3% nano silica to rubber-containing specimens results in the increase of 7- day and 28- day compressive strength in comparison with those which only contain crumb rubber. The reason of this increase is that nano materials can fill the nano voids and provide a denser structure, thus compensate the n egative effect of crumb rubber on the compressive strength. 13) Addition of silica fume and nano silica had not a significant effect on the 7- day strength, while the 28- day strength increased r elatively. 14) Compressive strength increment of rubber-containing concrete in the presence of silica fume was higher than nano silica and their mixtures. 15) The slump decrease in concrete mixes containing nano Silica was higher than those containing silica fumes. Addition of rubber to concrete resulted in a more ductile failure. This
behavior indicates that these types of concretes have higher strength and better en ergy adsorption capability. 16) The optimum dosage of natural rubber latex is found to be 1% by weight of cement in the concrete.There is an improvement in the compressive strength at 1% compared control mix, 0.5 % and 1.5% by weight. 17) The replacement of cement by metakaoline is found to be 10%.There is improvement in strengths at this percentage replacement by metakaoline 18) Replacing the cement by MK and inclusion of NRL not only improves the mechanical properties but also makes the construction economical. 19) Making use of both MK and NRL in concrete there is further improvements in the m echanical properties 20) The high CRC rubber content mix (tennis court) had a flexural strength almost 50% less than the control mix. However, the CRC mix had more ductility and comparable toughness values to the control mix. R EFERENCES [1]
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