Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

Testing T ti Distance Di t Protection P t ti Functions F ti Using Settings and Worksheets (Part 1)

Jun Verzosa Manager, Protection & Automation Engineering Services D bl E Doble Engineering i i C Company

Protection Testing g Users Group p Meeting g Austin, Texas 2010 October 10-15

Topics Covered ¾ ¾

Introduction Distance (Impedance) Protection Function – System Parameters, Settings, Characteristics

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ProTesT Features - Settings and Worksheet Developing Reusable Generic Distance Functions and Test Macros Applying Generic Distance Functions to to Specific Relays Demonstration

Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

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Power System Parameters and Impedance Function Settings ¾

System and Line Parameters – Ph Phase R Rotation t ti – Source and Line Impedances • Positive Positive-sequence sequence (Z1S and Z1L) • Zero-sequence (Z0S and Z0L)


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Power System Parameters and Impedance Function Settings ¾

Basic Distance Function Protection Settings – – – –

Number of Zones Zone Characteristics Direction Reach Settings • Impedance reach • Reach Angle • Resistive R i i reach h

– Residual Compensation – Time Delay


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Ohm Mho Offset Mho

Z1

Impedance Characteristics

phi1

Quad Polygon Others


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Ground Distance Residual Compensation

n Es

R

Ia .

Z1S, Z0S

F Z1, Z0

V R VaR

21G

A-N A N Fault

Residual Compensation

Zrelay = VaR / (Ia + kN•In) = n•Z1 kN = ( Z0/Z1 – 1) / 3 = residual compensation factor Residual Compensation is a technique that allows measurement of the fault impedance in terms of positive-sequence impedance, by adding gap portion,, KN,, of the residual current,, In,, to the phase p current.

Loop Impedance Calculation In o order de to o test es the e relay e ay oonee needs eeds to o ZN = KN * Z1 know the Loop impedance.

ZLoop = Z1 + ZN =Z1 (1+KN)

Modeling Impedance Characteristics ¾ ¾

Per Phase Loop


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Some Formulas kLoopMag = sqrt((1+Zn1PhNkNmag sqrt((1+Zn1PhNkNmag*cos(Zn1PhNkNang)^2 cos(Zn1PhNkNang) 2 +(Zn1PhNkNmag*sin(Zn1PhNkNang))^2) kLoopAng=atan((Zn1PhNkNmag*sin(Zn1PhNkNang)) p g (( g ( g)) /(1+Zn1PhNkNmag*cos(Zn1PhNkNang))) FReach = if(LoopModel if(LoopModel=1 1, Zn1PhNMhoMag*kLoopMag Zn1PhNMhoMag kLoopMag, Zn1PhNMhoMag) MTA = if(LoopModel=1, if(Direction= 1 if(Direction=-1, Zn1PhNMhoAng+180, Zn1PhNMhoAng)+kLoopAng, if(Direction=-1, if(Direction 1, Zn1PhNMhoAng Zn1PhNMhoAng+180,Zn1PhNMhoAng)) 180,Zn1PhNMhoAng)) Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

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ProTesT Settings and Worksheets ¾ ¾ ¾

Protection Settings Calculated Settings Impedance Characteristic Modeling – Type – Data

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Macros and Worksheets


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ProTesT Settings tab

Protection Settings

Calculated Settings

Characteristics

Characteristic Data Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

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ProTesT Macro Worksheets

Source table Action table

R Results lt ttable bl

Work table Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

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Developing Generic and Reusable Test Plans ¾

Should cater for majority of relays and settings – Test T t att in-service i i relay l settings tti

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Should apply to various relay configurations – Element is Enabled or Disabled – Direction is Forward, Reversed, Non-directional

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Optimum Automation – Calculation of – Relay Communications

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Test Plans for: – Commissioning g – element testing g and functional testing g – Periodic Maintenance – functional testing 14

Developing Test Plans for Specific Relay Models ¾ ¾

Start with Generic Relay Test Plans Map the Protection Settings to the Calculated Settings, g , using g formulas

= k0M1


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Developing Generic and Reusable Test Plans Element and Functional Testing – Steady State (Static)Testing • • • • •

Element testing Functional testing is possible Pickup (Ssimul, Ramp) Static Stat cC Characteristics a acte st cs Timing

– Dynamic Testing • Functional testing • Timing – as affected by source impedance • Characteristics? – Mho expansion, directional line Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

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Demonstration ¾

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Generic Macros – reference the Characteristic D Data table bl and d basic b i d data ffrom the h C Calculated l l d Settings table Add F Formulas l tto Ch Characteristic t i ti D Data t tto reference f the Calculated settings table Import or Add Protection Settings and Add Formulas to Calculated Settings Table to Reference the Protection Settings Import one or two sets of Protection Settings file and view effect on characteristics and macros.


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Demonstration


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Demonstration


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Maintenance Testing ¾

Avoid Setting Changes (such as disabling elements, elements changing output mapping that are used in actual operation)

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Functional Testingg Use Dynamic Testing End-to-End Test ((not covered in this presentation) p ) Transient Testing (not covered in this presentation) Other Tests (not covered in this presentation)


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Running Same Test Plan with Elements Disabled

Test Result will g give No Op for disabled Zones. Normal Results for Enabled Zones


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Other Test Plan Considerations ¾ ¾ ¾

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Importing Settings Files Pickup tests of current/voltage elements Effect of SEL negative-sequence directional elements on testing impedance characteristics; how to correctlyy test the relayy with the directional elements. Testing the quad resistive settings


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Quad Characteristics Use Loop Modeling

Quad Characteristics Demonstration ¾

Automating characteristics calculation in ProTesT


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Quad Characteristics Demonstration


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SSIMUL Macro Worksheet

Calculate Current and Voltages g Amplitudes p and Phase Angles Calculate C l l t Time Ti Values

Add local variables

Work table 26

SSIMUL Macro Worksheet ¾

Automate Macro Creation – Fault Calculations • Voltages • Currents

– Time information • Duration • L/R time constant • Expected times

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More realistic dynamic testing


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SSIMUL Dynamic Timing Tests


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SSIMUL Dynamic Timing Tests


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Dynamic Mho Expansion


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Dynamic Mho Expansion ¾ ¾

Memory Duration Load Encroachment


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Testing Distance Functions Using Settings and Worksheets

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