UNIV RSITY OF
HAKA
COLLE E OF TEXTILE ENGINE RING & TECHNOLOGY
REPORT ON PROJECT WORK
TO THOSE WHO ARE INTERESTED TO LEARN
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT College of Textile Engineering & Technology has given us the opportunity to perform the project work. We are obliged to MD. SHAH ALIMUZZAMAN, Assistant professor, supervising Teacher of the college for giving us the opportunity to accomplish of the project work.
We also take the opportunity to express our sincerest gratitude to Md. MASHUD AHMED, principle in-charge for his kind co-operation.
Heartfelt thanks goes to Senior Textile Engineers of various industries (DBL, MEGHNA, ESQUIRE, S.M KNITTING INDUSTRY.) from whom we collect the sample.
ABSTRACT At first we collect some of knitted fabric samples along with required data which are needed to commence our project work with effective analysis. We also separate the fabrics according to their class so that we can establish an acceptable result which will be perfect for effective use and will help to carry out further activities depending on the established form of work.
During our industrial attachment we manage to watch carefully and effectively the knitted fabric specification along with machine specification and the major factors which are necessary to calculate different types of variation and variable on which the whole fabric construction depends. Our efforts were to develop a dependable way so that we can easily visualize or can forecast the resulting fabric specification with
KEY WORD
1. G.S.M. 2. Yarn Count. 3. Stitch length. 4. Yarn Diameter. 5. Fabric Width. 6. Machine gauge. 7. Needle gauge. 8. Wales space. 9. Needle pitch.
CONTENTS Chapter no
Chapter name
Chapter 1
General Introduction
Chapter 2
Literature review
Chapter 3
Terminology & definition
Chapter 4
Fabric specification
Chapter 5
Machine specification
Page no
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Fabric is a manufactured assembly of fibres and yarns that has substantial surface area in relation to its thickness and sufficient cohesion to give the assembly useful mechanical strength. Fabrics are most commonly woven or knitted b ut the term includes assemblies produced by felting, lace making, net making, non woven processes and tufting. Our project basically is on knitted fabric specification and machines which are related to knitted fabric production. A precise statement of a set of requirement to be satisfied by a materials, product, and system or service that indicates the procedures for determining whether each of the requirements is satisfied. In the analysis of woven fabric specification we consider ends per inch, picks per inch, yarn count (warp & weft), and fabric width but in case of knitted fabric specification GSM, stitch length are mainly considered. The title of our project work is Analysis of knitted fabric specification and other related machine specification. There are problem in our industries to produce knitted fabrics of required G.S.M. Other specification like fabric width, fabric thickness is generally
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
GSM:
There are two formulas for calculating the GSM of a knitted fabric. i.e. First formula is GSM = GSM =
Course per inch × Stitch length × 39.37 × 39.37 × Tex 1000 ×1000 WPI × CPI × SL(mm) Count(Ne)
x 0.9155
CALCULATION OF WALES PER INCH:
We calculated the number of wales in 10 inch fabric unraveling the yarn. Then we divide the no of total wales by 10 inch to getting the wales per inch.
CALCULATION OF COURSE PER INCH:
We calculated the number of course in five inch with the help of counting glass and needle. Then we divide the total no of course by five inch to getting the course per inch.
MEASUREMENT OF STITCH LENGTH:
MEASUREMENT OF GSM:
GSM is a very important parameter for specified a certain quality of knitted fabric. The production of knitted fabric is calculated in weight. The GSM cutter is very popular and easy usable GSM testing instrument used in most knitted factory. But the construction of this cutter is very simple. It is circular disk of 100 square cm area with sharp blade attached to its edge. So 100 square cm of fabric can easily cut by it and weighted at the electric balance to get GSM reading.
Another formula is the following: GSM =
Ks × Tex Stitch length (mm)
Where, Ks is a constant. Its value is different for different fabric structure and fabric type. Ks is calculated and estimated as below:
COMMENT:
It is very convenient to determine the stitch length against the required GSM by using the value of Ks. We could not determine the value of Ks for other decorative fabric. It requires large time and industry.
GSM DEPENDS ON: 1. TYPE OF YARN:
The main material for knitting process is yarn. The quality of knitted yarn should be like as follows: 30/1 Cotton Combed
30/1 Cotton Carded
30/1 poly Cotton
Paramete rs Best
Acceptable limit
Best
Acceptable limit
Best
Acceptable limit
2. YARN COUNT:
The following counts of yarn that are widely used for knitting process are given: a) Cotton: 20/1, 24/1, 26/1, 28/1, 30/1, 34/1, 40/1 Ne. b) Terylene cotton: 20/1, 24/1, 26/1, 28/1, 30/1 Ne. c) CVC: 26/1, 28/1, 30/1, 34/1 Ne. d) Melange: 20/1, 22/1, 26/1, 30/1 Ne. e) Spandex: 40D, 70D. f) Polyester: 75D, 150D. g) Sewing thread: 40/2, 150D etc.
Other parameters are:
Stitch length
Fabric Structure.
Finishing process.
,,
40s
/1
2.44
Avg
24×24
20
100-110
Single
18
s
/1
3.00
Avg
30×24
46
245-255
,,
24s
/1
2.64
Avg
30×24
40
210-215
,,
26s
/1
2.60
Avg
30×24
36
200-210
,,
30
s
/1
2.50
Avg
30×24
33
180-190
1 × 1 Rib
26s
,,
24
s
/1
2.75
Avg
30×18
64
235
,,
26s
/1
2.54
Avg
40×18
40
245
,,
26
s
/1
2.55
Avg
40×18
47
235
,,
26s
/1
2.65
Avg
32×18
32
230
,,
36
s
/1
2.65
Avg
32×18
33
170
,,
24
s
/1
2.95
Avg
34×18
32
220
,,
24s
/1
2.90
Avg
40×18
38
225
,,
28
s
/1
2.40
Avg
30×24
38.5
232
lacost
/1
2.50
Avg
41240 41240
,,
30 s
/1 +40D
2.98
Avg
,,
30
s
/1 +40D
2.80
Avg
Fleece
s
26 /1GM +
240 30×18
220
2.78 + 1.36
Avg
30×24
32T
220
2.78 + 1.36
Avg
30×24
32T
220
2.85 + 1.35
Avg
30×24
32T
240
2.90+ 1.35
Avg
30×24
32T
220
2.8 + 1.35
Avg
30×24
32T
235
2.8 + 1.36
Avg
30×24
32T
175
24s /1 c ,,
26s /1GM + s
26 /1 c ,,
s
26 /1GM + 24s /1 c
,,
26s /1GM + 20s /1 c
,,
s
28 /1GM + s
28 /1 c ,,
30s /1GM + 26s /1 c
By the following three tables, we can summarize the above data:
COMMENT (Reference 1):
1. It is very distinct from these tables that there is no proof that these values are true, as they are not actual or experimental and they have taken these values from the mill and factory. 2. They have determined the value of count by beesleys balance. We never give the value of count in fraction but by our method we find that the value of count is most of the time is fraction.
From our project work we manage to find the following equations for the selection of yarn count to get required G.S.M. equations vary for fabric types, fabric construction. List of equations are tabulated below:
Name of the fabrics
Equations
Single jersey
Yarn count = - 0.141 GSM + 50.22
Pique
Yarn count = - 0.146 GSM + 57.16
Double lacoste
Yarn count = - 0.167 GSM + 64.36
1 x 1 Rib
Yarn count = - 0.123 GSM + 54.57
EQUATION FOR DETERMINING FABRIC WIDTH:
Fabric width = No. of wales X Wales space. =No. of needle X Wales space. = Π dg X Wales space Where, d = Cylinder diameter. g = Gauge. FOR CALCULATING YARN DIAMETER: d α α Tex d =
d α
d =
Tex
26.7
1 Ne
0.91 Ne
mm For Cotton
FABRIC THICKNESS:
In the fully relaxed state the fabric thickness for double jersey, t= 4d
For single jersey, t = 2d
COMMENT (Reference 2):
1. It is understandable that gauge is an important factor for fabric width but actually the width of fabric is dependent upon the number of needle present in the machine. Often the number of needle present in the machine is not equal to Π dg . So the equation should only be like following: COMMENT (Reference 3):
Different properties were found in Different knit structures according to stitch length, stitch density that means wales per inch, course per inch. Shortly they told loose structure that means higher loop length gives less GSM on fabric &
CHAPTER 3
TERMINOLOGY & DEFINITION
TERMINOLOGY
AND
DEFINITION
OF
DIFFERENT
KEYWORDS
ARE
DISCUSSED BELOW: WALES PER INCH:
Wales per inch means how many numbers of wales are present in one inch, it is very important for calculation of knitted fabric GSM and fabric properties. COURSES PER INCH:
Courses per inch mean how many numbers of courses are present in one inch. It is also very important for calculation of knitted fabric GSM. STITCH LENGTH:
Stitch length is theoretically theoreticall y is a single length of yarn which include one
needle
loop and half the length of Yarn (half of a sinker loop) between that needle loop and the adjacent needle loops on either side of it. Loop exists in course in course length and it is that which influence fabric dimension and other properties including weight.
Indirect system:
In this system the count of yarn express the no of unit length per unit weight. In this system higher the yarn count finer the yarn. It is generally used for cotton, worsted, woolen, linen etc and the yarn count calculation formula is the following: Count = Here,
L × w W × l
W = weight of sample. L = length of sample. w = unit weight in system. l = unit length in system.
GSM:
GSM means the weight in gram per square meter of fabric. Fabric area density: Fabric area density can be calculated by the following formula, Area density =
S × l × T
2
gm/m
CHAPTER 4
FABRIC SPECIFICATION
Elements of Specification: 1. GSM. 2. Loop length. 3. Yarn count. 4. Fabric width.
1. G.S.M:
The weight of fabric in gm per square meter is called G.S.M.
FACTORS CONSIDERED FOR REQUIRED G.S.M:
Yarn Count (English count): Through our project work we manage to find out the following relation between yarn count and G.S.M: i.e. GSM
α
1
(When Stitch length is same) ………….(1)
CONSTANT FOR SINGLE JERSEY FROM COLLECTED COLLE CTED FABRIC (Ref-Appendix): S/N
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
GSM
SL
COUNT
122.488 127.038 135.77 141.36 144.5 148 153 155.22 163.715
2.664324 2.965405 2.319347 3.046935 2.698962 2.610811 2.701087 2.881429 2.880883
37.777 31.6278 32.92 31.8744 30.87 28.8 30 27.12405 26.97
EQUATION
12328.44 11914.8 10366.43 13728.77 12039.3 11128.32 12397.99 12131.38 12720.23
AVERAGE
12083.96
STD DVE
CV
946.3509
7.831462
ACTUAL PRACTICING OF CONSTANT VALUE IN THE INDUSTRY: Type
Ne
Max GS M
Min GS M
GS M
S/L (mm)
Consta nt K
Avg
Std
CV%
ACTUAL DETERMINATION OF FABRIC GSM AND YARN COUNT FROM THE COLLECTED FABRIC:
S/N
COUNT
G.S.M
01.
36.74
116
02.
32.13
134.33
03.
30.87
172.33
04.
37.77
121.33
05.
31.63
139.33
06.
28.8
142.63
07.
27.12
176.67
GRAPH SHOWN THE RELATION BETWEEN THE COUNT AND THE GSM:
) y ( t n u o C n r a Y
2. FABRIC WIDTH: Along the fabric width there presents the wales. The total no. of needle is fixed for the same cylinder having the equal gauge as well as diameter. Fabric width = No. of wales X Wales space. =Total no of needle in the machine X Wales space.
The above concepts clarify that Fabric width closely depends on total no. of needle not directly related to machine diameter or machine gauge.
WALES SPACE:
The space covered by a wale is called wale space for that wale. Wales space depends on: a. Yarn diameter. b. Loop length. They are described below:
(20 to 40) the rate of decrease is generally slow than that of below 20 count in which wh ich the rate of increase of yarn count is higher or it increase rapidly. When the loop length is minimum, the leg of loop comes in close contact with each other and there is no free space among left, middle and right zone of interloping area.
Left Zone Middle Zone x y
Right Zone z
Interloping Area
ACTUAL VALUE OF RATIO OF WALES SPACE AND DIA OF YARN:
Count 18 18 18 18 18 18 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
Wales space(mm) 0.808917197 0.808917197 0.889808917 0.808917197 0.889808917 0.808917197 0.73027247 0.73537927 0.73537927 0.723663669 0.723663669 0.702185067 0.723663669 0.696567587 0.674097665
Yarn dia(inch) 0.008417938 0.008417938 0.008417938 0.008417938 0.008417938 0.008417938 0.008417938 0.008417938 0.008417938 0.008417938 0.007290148 0.007290148 0.007290148 0.007290148 0.007290148 0.007290148 0.007290148 0.007290148 0.007290148 0.007290148 0.007290148 0.007290148 0.007290148 0.007290148 0.007290148
Yarn dia(mm) 0.213815622 0.213815622 0.213815622 0.213815622 0.213815622 0.213815622 0.18516976 0.18516976 0.18516976 0.18516976 0.18516976 0.18516976 0.18516976 0.18516976 0.18516976
Ratio 3.78324647 3.78324647 4.161571119 3.78324647 4.161571119 3.78324647 3.943799834 3.971378851 3.971378851 3.908109336 3.908109336 3.792115223 3.908109336 3.761778304 3.640430618
Average
3.97625
TABLE SHOWS THE ACTUAL WPI IN ACCORDANCE TO THE COUNT:
Count Wales space(mm) 18 0.808917197 18 0.808917197 18 0.889808917 18 0.808917197 18 0.889808917 18 0.808917197 24 0.73027247 24 0.73537927 24 0.73537927 24 0.723663669 24 0.723663669 24 0.702185067 24 0.723663669 24 0.696567587
Wales space(inch) 0.031847134 0.031847134 0.035031847 0.031847134 0.035031847 0.031847134 0.028750885 0.02895194 0.02895194 0.028490696 0.028490696 0.027645081 0.028490696 0.027423921
WPI
Avg
Std
Cv%
31.4 31.4 28.54545 30.44848 1.474081 4.841229 31.4 28.54545 31.4 34.78154 34.54 34.54 35.09918 35.09918 35.42579 1.024035 2.890649 36.1728 35.09918 36.46452
CHAPTER 5
MACHINE SPECIFICATION
MACHINE SPECIFICATION:
1. Machine gauge. 2. Machine Diameter. 3. Needle gauge. They are described below:
1. MACHINE GAUGE:
No. of needles per inch present in a needle bed of a knitting machine is called machine gauge for that knitting machine. A term giving a notational indication of the no. of needles per unit length along a needle bed or needle bar of a knitting machine in current practice, a common unit length of one English inch (25.4mm) is used for all types of warp and weft knitting machine. Selection of machine gauge depends upon yarn diameter. Yarn diameter depends
2. MACHINE DIAMETER:
Machine diameter is mainly diameter of cylinder. It is important for fabric width. Only diameter does not determine the the fabric width. It need helps machine gauge and wales wales space which is depend upon yarn count c ount and loop length.
MACHINE DIAMETER SELECTION: S/N
Count (Ne)
Gauge
WPI
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
18 18 20 20 22 22 22 24
20 24 20 24 20 24 28 20
31 31 31.5 31.5 33 33 33 35
Fabric found from 1 inch machine perimeter 0.64516129 0.774193548 0.634920635 0.761904762 0.606060606 0.727272727 0.848484848 0.571428571
Percentage of fabric found X% 64.51612903 77.41935484 63.49206349 76.19047619 60.60606061 72.72727273 84.84848485 57.14285714
29 30 31 32 33 34
38 38 38 40 40 40
20 24 28 20 24 28
43 43 43 44 44 44
0.465116279 0.558139535 0.651162791 0.454545455 0.545454545 0.636363636
So, the machine dia for particular fabric dia is =
Fabric dia X%
46.51162791 55.81395349 65.11627907 45.45454545 54.54545455 63.63636364
X 100
X = percentage of fabric found in relation to The m/c perimeter. So, the relation between the machine dia and the machine dia is = 7 x Again, the relation can be inversely shown that, Fabric dia (Tubular) =
Mac Machine hine dia dia × M/C M/C Gau Gaug ge 7 × Ne
Fabric dia × Ne M/C Gauge
3. NEEDLE GAUGE:
Thickness of needle express by the needle gauge. It is important for selection of machine gauge. Needle gauge is different d ifferent for the different gauge and different Brand. Some needle gauge found in industries is given below:
Machine gauge
Needle thickness in (mm)
24
0.52
28
0.41
CHAPTER 6
RESULT & DICUSSION
From our project work we manage to find the following equations for the selection of yarn count to get g et required G.S.M. equations vary for fabric types, fabric construction. List of equations are tabulated below:
The constant for the plain single jersey is as follow:
K (Yarn count X stitch length X GSM) = 12083.96 Relation between the fabric GSM and the yarn count:
if the GSM of the fabric is “x” and the count of yarn is “y”, then the equation for determining GSM and the Yarn count is as follows: GSM, x = 332 – 5.88y & Yarn count(Ne), y = 56 – 0.17x
Bibliography 1. Knitting technology
By – Devid J. Spencer 2. Handbook of Technical Textile
By – Horrocks & Anand 3. Textile Terms & Definitions
By – J E Mclintyre 4. Circular knitting 5. Knitting calculation
6. Reference 1(Project On
Analysis of knitted fabric specification and
APPENDIX
CPI S/ L N O
SAMPL E NO
UNIT
WPI
LENGT H OF FABRIC
NO. OF COURS E
CPI
AVG CPI
LENGT H OF FABRIC
INCH
UNIT
UNI T
UNI T
INCH
1
53
53
STITCH LENGTH
NO. OF WALE S
WPI
UNIT
UNI T
289
54
54
289
34
3
52
52
289
34
4
54
54
289
34
1
1
6
53 53
7
54
53
53.1
9
53
289 289
54
289
34
52
289
34
9
53
53
289
34
10
53
53
289
34
1
52
52
372
37
2
50
50
376
38
3
50
50
373
37
5
2
1
51
51
51
50.9
10
UNIT
775 785 785 775 775 34 775 785
34
52
51
MM
34
8
4
UNI T
34
2
5
AVG WPI
LENGT H OF YARN
NO OF WALE S
372
37
373
37
6
52
52
372
37
7
51
51
372
37
8
50
50
373
37
9
52
52
372
37
10
50
50
372
37
785 775 785 988 1010 991 988 991 37 991 996 991 993 991
289 289 289 289 289 289 289 289 289 289 372 376 373 372 373 372 372 373 372 372
S.L
MM 2.68 2 2.71 6 2.71 6 2.68 2 2.68 2 2.68 2 2.71 6 2.71 6 2.68 2 2.71 6 2.65 6 2.68 6 2.65 7 2.65 6 2.65 7 2.66 4 2.67 7 2.65 7 2.66 9 2.66 4
COUNT
AVG S.L
LENGT H OF EACH YARN
NO OF YAR N
TOTAL LENGT H
TOTAL WEIGH T
MM
INCH
UNI T
INCH
GM
GSM
COUN T
AVG COUN T
GS M
AVG GSM
CACULATE D GSM
DEFELECTION % OF ACTUAL GSM FROM CAL GSM
NE
NE
GM
GM
GM
%
172.3 3
144.5
19.23%
121.3 3
122.5
(-)0.945%
170 27
10
270
0.14
28.93
2.69 9
30.87
35
10
350
0.16
175
32.81 172
120
2.66 4
34
20
680
0.27
37.78
37.78
127
117
CPI S/ L N O
SAMPL E NO
UNIT
WPI
LENGT H OF FABRIC
NO. OF COURS E
CPI
AVG CPI
LENGT H OF FABRIC
INCH
UNIT
UNI T
UNI T
INCH
1
43
43
STITCH LENGTH
NO. OF WALE S
WPI
AVG WPI
UNIT
UNI T
UNI T
370
40
40
370
37
3
40
40
370
37
4
40
40
370
37
5
3
1
6
39 40
7
40
39
40
10
40
370 370
40
370
37
39
370
37
9
40
40
370
37
10
39
39
370
37
1
48
48
185
37
2
49
49
185
37
3
49
49
185
37
4
49
49
185
37
48
48
185
37
5
4
1
48. 2
5
6
47
47
185
37
7
48
48
185
37
8
49
49
185
37
9
47
47
185
37
10
48
48
185
37
UNIT
MM
1100 1095 1097 37 1095 1095
37
39
MM
1105
37
8
S.L
1100
37
2
LENGT H OF YARN
NO OF WALE S
1093 1097 1095 483 485 485 486 485 37 484 480 480 480 482
370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 185 185 185 185 185 185 185 185 185 185
2.97 3 2.98 6 2.97 3 2.95 9 2.96 5 2.95 9 2.95 9 2.95 4 2.96 5 2.95 9 2.61 1 2.62 2 2.62 2 2.62 7 2.62 2 2.61 6 2.59 5 2.59 5 2.59 5 2.60 5
COUNT
AVG S.L
LENGT H OF EACH YARN
NO OF YAR N
TOTAL LENGT H
TOTAL WEIGH T
MM
INCH
UNIT
INCH
GM
GSM
COUN T
AVG COUN T
GS M
AVG GSM
CACULATE D GSM
DEFELECTION% OF ACTUAL GSM FROM CAL GSM
NE
NE
GM
GM
GM
%
139.3 3
127
9.68%
142.6 7
148
(-)4.05%
139 24
18
432
0.2
32.4
2.96 5
31.63
24
18
432
0.21
140
30.86 139
144 12
16
192
0.1
28.8
2.61 1
28.8
12
16
192
0.1
142
28.8 142
CPI
WPI
WP I
LENG TH OF YAR N
NO OF WAL ES
S.L
AVG S.L
UNIT
UN IT
UN IT
MM
UNIT
MM
MM
INC H
UNI T
INCH
GM
NE
43
370
37
1100
370
2.973
40
370
37
1105
370
2.986 24
18
432
0.2
32.4
CPI
INCH
UNIT
UN IT
1
43
2
40
UNIT
AV G CPI
LENG TH OF FABR IC
NO. OF WAL ES
UNI T
INCH
3
40
40
370
37
1100
370
2.973
4
40
40
370
37
1095
370
2.959
5
39
39
370
37
1097
370
2.965
370
2.959
3
1
40
10
37
6
40
40
370
37
1095
7
40
40
370
37
1095
370
2.959
8
39
39
370
37
1093
370
2.954
370
2.965
9
40
40
370
37
1097
10
39
39
370
37
1095
370
2.959
1
48
48
185
37
483
185
2.611
2
49
49
185
37
485
185
2.622
3
49
49
185
37
485
185
2.622
185
37
486
185
2.627
185
37
485
185
2.622
185
37
484
185
2.616
4
49
49
5
48
48
6
47
47
7
48
48
185
37
480
185
2.595
8
49
49
185
37
480
185
2.595
9
47
47
185
37
480
185
2.595
37
482
185
2.605
10
4
1
48
GSM
AV G WP I
NO. OF COUR SE
SAMP LE NO
COUNT LEN GTH OF EAC H YAR N
LENG TH OF FABR IC
s/ L no
STITCH LENGTH
48
48. 2
5
185
37
NO OF YA RN
TOTA L LENG TH
TOTA L WEIG HT
COU NT
AVG COU NT
GSM
AVG GSM
CACULAT ED GSM
DEFELECTI ON% OF ACTUAL GSM FROM CAL GSM
NE
GM
GM
GM
%
139.3 3
127
9.68%
142.6 7
148
(-)4.05%
139
2.96 5
31.6 3
24
18
432
0.21
140
30.86 139
144 12
16
192
0.1
28.8
2.61 1
28.8
12
16
192
0.1
142
28.8 142
CPI
S/ L N O
SAMPL E NO
UNIT
LENGT H OF FABRIC
NO. OF COURS E
INCH
UNIT
1
42
WPI
CPI
AVG CPI
LENGT H OF FABRIC
NO. OF WALE S
UNI T
UNI T
INCH
UNIT
42
180
STITCH LENGTH
WPI
AVG WPI
LENGT H OF YARN
NO OF WALE S
UNI T
UNI T
MM
UNIT
180
36
180
36
42
180
36
43
180
36
8
43
43
180
36
9
42
42
180
36
10
42
42
180
36
1
46
46
350
35
2
45
45
350
35
3
48
48
350
35
4
44
44
350
5
46
46
350
6
1
45. 6
INCH
UNIT
INCH
GM
NE
NE
GM
GM
GM
%
116
80.13
44.77%
176.6 7
155.2
13.82%
350
43
43
MM
2.88 2.85 7 2.87 4 2.88 6
43
7
MM
2.88
36
42
DEFELECTION % OF ACTUAL GSM FROM CAL GSM
350
180
6
CACULATE D GSM
350
43
5
AVG GSM
1008
43
42. 6
GS M
35
3
42
AVG COUN T
1008
36
42
COUN T
35
180
1
TOTAL WEIGH T
2.88
44
5
TOTAL LENGT H
350
44
5
NO OF YAR N
1008
2
4
S.L
LENGT H OF EACH YARN
350
36
10
375 365 390 380 36 375 380 375 380 380 1012 1010
180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 350
35
6
45
45
350
35
7
46
46
350
35
1000 1006 1010
350 350
GSM
AVG S.L
2.08 3 2.08 3 2.02 8 2.16 7 2.11 1 2.08 3 2.11 1 2.08 3 2.11 1 2.11 1 2.89 1 2.88 6
375
COUNT
8
45
45
350
35
9
45
45
350
35
1015
350
2.9
10
46
46
350
35
1008
350
2.88
113 12
10
120
0.05
36
2.09 7
36.75
15
10
150
0.06
115
37.5 120
176 29
19
551
0.32
25.83
2.88 1
27.12
36
20
720
0.38
176
28.42 177
CPI
S/L NO
SAMPL E NO UNIT
LENGT H OF FABRIC
NO. OF COURS E
INCH
UNIT
1
47
WPI
CPI
AVG CPI
LENGT H OF FABRIC
NO. OF WALE S
UNIT
UNIT
INCH
UNIT UNIT
47
367
STITCH LENGTH
WPI
AVG WPI
UNIT
UNI T
47
47
367
37
3
46
46
367
37
4
47
47
367
37
5
7
1
6
48 47
7
48
48
47.1
10
47
367 367
48
367
37
47
367
37
9
47
47
367
37
10
47
47
367
37
1
51
51
368
37
2
51
51
368
37
3
51
51
368
37
4 5
8
1
51
51
51
51
51
10
1110 1110 1110 37 1110 1110
37
47
368
37
368
37
6
51
51
368
37
7
51
51
368
37
8
51
51
368
37
9
51
51
368
37
10
51
51
368
37
UNIT
1110
37
8
MM
1110
37
2
LENGT H OF YARN
NO OF WALE S
1110 1110 1110 995 994 995 995 992 37 993 994 995 994 993
367 367 367 367 367 367 367 367 367 367 368 368 368 368 368 368 368 368 368 368
COUNT
GSM
S.L
AVG S.L
LENGT H OF EACH YARN
NO OF YAR N
TOTAL LENGT H
TOTAL WEIGH T
COUN T
AVG COUN T
GSM
AVG GSM
CACULAT ED GSM
DEFELECTIO N% OF ACTUAL GSM FROM CAL GSM
MM
MM
INCH
UNIT
INCH
GM
NE
NE
GM
GM
GM
%
154.3 3
135.6
13.80%
165.3 3
153
8%
3.02 5 3.02 5 3.02 5 3.02 5 3.02 5 3.02 5 3.02 5 3.02 5 3.02 5 3.02 5 2.70 4 2.70 1 2.70 4 2.70 4 2.69 6 2.69 8 2.70 1 2.70 4 2.70 1 2.69 8
153
3.02 5
40
20
800
0.34
35.29
35.29
155
155
166
2.70 1
36
20
720
0.36
30
30
165
165
CPI
WPI
LENGT H OF FABRI C
NO. OF COURS E
CPI
INCH
UNIT
UNIT
1
79
2
STITCH LENGTH
AVG CPI
LENGT H OF FABRI C
NO. OF WALE S
WPI
AVG WPI
UNI T
INCH
UNIT
UNI T
UNI T
79
290
29
80
80
289
29
3
78
78
289
29
4
81
81
292
29
SAM PLE NO
S/L NO
UNIT
5
9
1
82
82
80. 3
10
291
29
6
79
79
289
29
7
80
80
290
29
8
83
83
289
29
9
80
80
289
29
10
81
81
290
29
1
46
46
182
36
2
47
47
180
36
3
47
47
183
37
4
46
46
182
36
47
47
181
36
5
10
1
46. 4
5
6
46
46
179
36
7
46
46
178
36
8
47
47
179
36
9
46
46
180
36
10
46
46
180
36
LENGT H OF YARN
NO OF WALE S
S.L
MM
UNIT
MM
780
290
2.69 2.68 9 2.68 9 2.69 2 2.69 1 2.68 9
777 777 786 783 29 777 780 777 777 777 523 518 525 524 520 36 520 515 516 518 518
289 289 292 291 289 290 289 289 290 182 180 183 182 181 179 178 179 180 180
2.69 2.68 9 2.68 9 2.67 9 2.87 4 2.87 8 2.86 9 2.87 9 2.87 3 2.90 5 2.89 3 2.88 3 2.87 8 2.87 8
COUNT
AVG S.L
LENGT H OF EACH YARN
NO OF YARN
TOTAL LENGT H
TOTAL WEIGH T
MM
INCH
UNIT
INCH
GM
GSM
COUN T
AVG COUN T
GSM
AVG GSM
CACULAT ED GSM
DEFELECTION% OF ACTUAL GSM FROM CAL GSM
NE
NE
GM
GM
GM
%
216.6 7
227.7
(-)4.85%
168.3 3
163.7
2.82%
217 27
12
326
0.19
25.77
2.68 8
25.18
28
13
361
0.22 0.22
216
24.6 217
168 40
12
480
0.27
26.67
2.88 1
26.97
40
10
400
0.22
169
27.27 168
CPI S/ L N O
SAMPL E NO
UNIT
WPI
LENGT H OF FABRIC
NO. OF COURS E
CPI
AVG CPI
LENGT H OF FABRIC
INCH
UNIT
UNI T
UNI T
INCH
1
43
43
STITCH LENGTH
NO. OF WALE S
WPI
AVG WPI
UNIT
UNI T
UNI T
383
42
42
379
38
3
43
43
384
38
4
44
44
379
38
5
1
6
43 42
7
43
43
42. 7
10
42
383 380
43
380
38
42
383
38
9
43
43
379
38
42
42
384
38
10
11
1
51
51
398
40
2
53
53
398
40
3
53
53
398
40
4
52
52
398
40
53
53
398
40
5
1
52. 5
10
6
53
53
398
40
7
52
52
398
40
8
53
53
398
40
9
52
52
398
40
53
53
398
40
10
12
UNIT
MM
1170 1155 1167 38 1158 1158
38
42
MM
1155
38
8
S.L
1166
38
2
LENGT H OF YARN
NO OF WALE S
1167 1155 1170 927 927 915 915 915 40 921 935 921 915 940
383 379 384 379 383 380 380 383 379 384 398 398 398 398 398 398 398 398 398 398
3.04 4 3.04 7 3.04 7 3.04 7 3.04 7 3.04 7 3.04 7 3.04 7 3.04 7 3.04 7 2.32 9 2.32 9 2.29 9 2.29 9 2.29 9 2.31 4 2.34 9 2.31 4 2.29 9 2.36 2
COUNT
AVG S.L
LENGT H OF EACH YARN
NO OF YAR N
TOTAL LENGT H
TOTAL WEIGH T
MM
INCH
UNIT
INCH
GM
GSM
COUN T
AVG COUN T
GS M
AVG GSM
CACULATE D GSM
DEFELECTION% OF ACTUAL GSM FROM CAL GSM
NE
NE
GM
GM
GM
%
134.3 3
141.4
(-)4.97%
139.3 3
135.8
2.62%
135 20
16
324
0.15
32.4
3.04 7
32.14
43
10
425
0.2
133
31.87 135
140 35
10
345
0.16
32.34
2.31 9
32.92
34
10
335
0.15
140
33.5 138
