Modernisation Adv.shahanavas
The term Westernisation Westernisation is ethically ethically neutral unlike unlike Modernisation. Its use doesn’t not carry the implication that is good or bad, whereas modernization is normally used in the sense that it is good.The term 'Modernisation' was introduced for the rst by Daniel Learner . !e was an "merican scholar and writer known for his studies on modernization theory. theory. !e #uoted that $Modernisation is the current current term for an old process of social change whereby less de%eloped societies ac#uire the characteristics common to more de%eloped societies&. The term modernisation doesn’t denote any philosophy or mo%ement, but it only symbolizes a process p rocess of change. In fact, Modernisation is understood as a process which indicates the adoption of the modern ways of life and %alues. The term was being used pre%iously to refer only to change in economy and its related eect on social %alues and practices. It was also described as a process that changed the society,from primarily agricultural to primarily industrial economy. "s a result of the change in the economy, the society s ociety itself underwent changes in %alues, beliefs, and norms. (ut today, the term is gi%en a broader meaning. Today, the term Modernisation Modernisation is understood as a s an attempt, on the part of the people, particularly those who are custom)bound, to adopt themsel%es to the present time, conditions, styles, and ways in general. It indicates a change in people’s food habits, dress d ress habits, speaking styles, tastes, choices, preferences, preferences, ideas, %alues, recreational facilities facilities and so on. It is also described as social change in%ol%ing the elements of science and technology. technology. The scientic and technological technological in%entions ha%e brought brought about remarkable remarkable changes in the whole system of social relationship and installed new ideologies in the place of traditional ones. Modernisation in%ol%es in%ol%es a transformation of social, s ocial, political and economic organizations. "ccording to Becker Modernisation is a change from *change resistant sacred outlook’ to *change ready secular outlook’. "ccording to Webber It is a change from *personal bonds’ to *impersonal relation’ with bureaucracy. bureaucracy. "s per Maine It is a transformation from *status based’ relations to *contract based’ relation. "ccording to Smelser it in%ol%es an ongoing change in a society's economy, politics, education, traditions, and religion. "s indicated by Durkhiem it is a change from *mechanical solidarity’ to *organic solidarity’
+. It in%ol%es the change from simple, traditional techni#ues such as hand) wea%ing towards the use of scientic knowledge and technology. . "gricultural shifts from subsistence farming to commercial farming on a larger scale. This means growing cash crops, buying non)agricultural products in the market on a large #uantity and often hiring people to do farm work -. In industry, there is a mo%ement away from the use of human and animal power and towards the use of machinery dri%en by non)human power. or e/ample, ploughs pulled by o/en are replaced by tractors dri%en by hired hands. 0. The society changes from the farm and the %illage centered one to that of the industry and city centered one. In addition to the four ma1or patterns, other patters of change ha%e been obser%ed in modernizing social structure. Traditional religious systems tend to lose in2uence. 3owerful non)religious ideologies such as patriotism, nationalism, democracy, secularism etc. arise. The family changes in many ways,both in terms of its structure and functions. It’s economic, educational, and recreational and other functions tend to diminish. Its size gets smaller and smaller. 4/tended families and kin groups break up into smaller units. 3ersonal choice becomes the basis of marriage rather than parental arrangements. Thus, the process of modernisation includes in itself the gradual de%elopment of a %ast new system of social structures and psychological traits. Problems of Modernisation
+. Modernisation demands that society must change in all ways at one. (ut such a regular and coordinated pattern of growth cannot be planned and materialised. . 5uring the period of modernisation, structural changes mostly remain une%en. 4/ample, industries may be modernized but religious system, family system etc. remain conser%ati%e -.Modernisation of social and economic institutions may create con2icts with the traditional ways of life. 4/ample, trained M((6 doctors may pose a threat to the traditional medical practitioners .0. "nother problem is that, most often roles adopted by the people are modern, but their %alues continue to be traditional. 4/ample, 7ew business rms and industrial establishments and shops etc. are either opened or
inaugurated as per the dictates of the traditional *Muhurtam’. 8. inally, though modernisation raises the aspirations of people, the social system does not pro%ide enough chances to materialise them. This creates frustration, disappointment and social unrest. 9 Add more about modernisation process in India) Modenisation and westernization
The two terms namely, Westernisation 9M.7. 6rini%as: and Modernisation 95aniel ;erner: must be understood as conceptual tools to understand the nature and character of social changes that ha%e taken place in the de%eloping countries.In a broad way it may be said that the concept of Westernisation as used by 6rini%as co%ers< 9a: beha%ioural aspects like eating, drinking, dressing, dancing etc. 9b: the knowledge aspects like literature,science etc. 9c: the %alues aspects like humanitarianism, e#ualitarianism and secularism etc. The term Modernisation in%ol%ed a transformation of social, political and economic organisation. "s a concept it is greatly helpful to the sociologists who ha%e been primarily concerned with the process of dierentiation that characterized the modern societies.
