Intelligent Building

Conference on: “Trends and Challenges Challenges of Civil Engineering in Today‟s Transforming World”

INTELLIGENT BUILDING NEW ERA OF TODAYS WORLD Darsh Belani , Ashish H. Makwana , Jayeshkumar Pitroda , Chetna M. Vyas

1

2

3

4

Final Year Student, ME C E & M., BVM Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India

1

Final Year Student, ME C E & M., BVM Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India

2

Assistant professor, Civil Engineering Dept., BVM Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India

3

Assistant professor, Civil Engineering Dept., A.D. Patel I nstitute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, 4

Gujarat, India

Abstract: A building that uses both technology and process to create a facility that is safe,

healthy and comfortable comfortable a nd enables productivity and well-being of its occupants. With lots of energy crisis in today‟s world now it‟s important for architects, engineers and construction managers manager s to make buildings which which ar e energy efficient efficient and a nd intelligent by its functions functions and a nd as as well as its usage, too. Technologies applied in intelligent buildings will improve the building environment and functionality for occupants, while reducing operational costs. Smart or clever buildings, perhaps focus on control systems, but intelligent buildings go far beyond this. An intelligent building has an implicit logic that effectively evolves with changing user requirements and technology, ensuring continued and improved intelligent operation, maintenance and optimization. It exhibits key attributes of environmental sustainability to benefit present and future generations. An intelligent building system concept recognizes that the true cost of the building is not its cost of construction; it must include the operating and maintenance costs over the structure‟s life span. Intelligent buildings yield cost reductions over over all these ar eas by optimizing optimizing energy energy use through a utomated utomated contr ol, communication communication a nd management systems. They also guard against repair costs, employee time, productivity loss, revenue loss and the loss of customers to competitors. Now a day, all heard of „ sicksickbuilding‟ building‟ syndrome syndrome and the misery this can inflict in the workplace in terms of poor health and lost production. The notion of the Intelligent Building is the modern civil engineer's Big Idea in tackling these and other such deficiencies. The intelligent building can adapt itself to maintain an optimized environment. An intelligent building must be smart enough to vary the environment to suit the users and also to provide various means of communication or network regardless of whether it is internal or external. At an even more fundamental level intelligent buildings can cope with social and technological change and also are adaptable to human needs. This paper provides a review of research era in the area of Intelligent Building with case studies. Keywords: Human needs, Intelligent buildings, Modern civil engineer, Technologies

1

29th March, Mar ch, 2014, Civil Engineering Depar tmen tmentt S.N.P.I.T. S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umra Umra kh

Conference on: “Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Today‟s Transforming World”

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Definition An intelligent building can be defined as “the building that combines the best available concepts, designs, materials, systems and technologies in order to provide an interactive, adaptive, responsive, integrated and dynamic intelligent environment for achieving the occupants' objectives over the full life span of the building.” B. Overview of Intelligent Building An Intelligent Building provides a productive, cost effective environment through the optimization of structure, systems, services and management as well as the interrelationship between them. It integrates various systems (such as lighting, heating, air conditioning, voice and data communication and other building functions) to effectively manage resources in a coordinated mode to maximize occupant performance, investment and operating cost, savings and flexibility. They yield cost reductions over all these areas by optimizing energy use through automated control, communication and management systems during its cost post construction phase. They also guard against repair costs, employee time, productivity loss, revenue loss and the loss of customers to competitors. Intelligent buildings transcend integration to achieve interaction, in which the various independent systems work collectively to optimize the building's performance and constantly create an environment that is most conducive to the occupants‟ goals. Additionally, fully interoperable systems in intelligent buildings tend to perform better, cost less to maintain, and leave a smaller environmentalism print than individual utilities and communication systems. The tasks that can be efficiently managed by an intelligent building include: power, security, fire alarm, fire-fighting, air conditioning, diesel generator, water supply, solar power, solar water heating, access control and lighting. It also helps service engineers to track the maintenance schedule of machinery and equipment. An intelligent building helps an organization to fulfil its objectives by facilitating the management of the resources and thereby increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization. Nowadays, high quality of the intelligent building enables organizations (institutions) unhindered and efficient operation, growth, organizational restructuring, proper social relations (ease of space arrangement), not to mention a high level of safety, healthy internal environment, long-lasting aesthetic values and cost efficiency. Thus, modern intelligent buildings should fulfil all these requirements.

2

29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Depar tment S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umra kh


The use of integrated and managed building control systems with technological awareness to create healthy and sustainable environment which is flexible, comfortable, productive, work efficient, secure and cost effective to satisfy the stakeholders needs while reducing energy and water consumption. This is being driven by conditions such as sustainability, stakeholders' expectations and the shifting culture towards value rather than initial cost – so that quality and whole life costs are taken into account. C. Fundamentals for Development of Intelligent Buildings

Cost Effectiveness

End User Satisfaction

Integration of Building Services

Responsiveness to changes (Flexibility)

II. THREE CONDITIONS OF SATISFACTION OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING

1) The building should have advanced automatic control system to monitor various facilities, including air-conditioning, temperature, lighting, security, fire, etc. to provide a comfortable working environment for the tenants. 2) The building should have good networking infrastructure to enable data flow between floors. 3) The building should provide adequate telecommunication facilities.

3



III. FACTORS AFFECTING CRITERIAS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING

Figure 1: Factors affecting Criterias of Intelligent Building

4



1) CR - Construction Requirement SLCM - Sourcing Local Construction Materials EUW - Efficient Use of Water WEL - Water Efficient Landscaping MT - Materials: ash bricks, aluminium, frames, glass, Low VOC paint, and CRI certified Carpeting 2) EC - Environment Control EC QUDL - Optimum Use of Day Light MAQ-Maintaining Air Quality NAF - Natural Air Flow IA - Installation Air HU - Handling Unit CAE - Controlled Air Exhaust ULCL - Use of LED and CFL Lighting ULCL 3) WM - Water Management RWH - Rain Water Harvesting WEPF - Water Efficient Plumbing and Fixtures WTR & MD - Water Treatment, Recycling & Minimal Disposal 4) DW-Disposal Waste SWCS - Solid Waste Control Strategies IP - Ingress Protection: Preventing dust and the external elements from entering the building SNBDD - Separation of non-bio degradable disposables GWH - Gray Water Handling 5) IBA - Intelligent Building Aspects EEBS - Energy Efficient Building Services IM - Information Management BAS - Building Automation System SI - System Integration CWS & ND - Communication Wiring System & Network Design FM - Facility Management IBT & D - Intelligent Building Technology & Design TM - Technology Management 6) IBM-Integrating Building Management EM - Energy Management AM - Alarm Monitoring HS - HVAC System PSS - PLC SCADA Software LC - Lighting Control LM - Lift Management    

 

   



  









       

     

5



IV. ELEMENTS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING

Fly ash based Concrete Walls

Aerated Concrete Blocks

High Performance Glass

Building integrated Photo Voltaic

Living Walls

Motion Sensors

Light Pipes

CO2 Sensor

Smoke Detector

Intelligent Building Managemet System (IBMS) Control Room

V. INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS A POSSIBLE CONCEPT FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Sewage Treatment Plant

Solar Parking

Waterless Urinals

Solar Awnings

Dual Flush System

Water Efficient Landscaping

Energy Efficient Appliances

Aerated Water Taps

Inland Vegetation

6



VI. CHARACTERISTICS OF INTELLIGENCE FOR INTELLIGENT BUILDING

Automation

Build

Monitor

VII.

Energy efficient Building services with proper selection of Equipment

Communication Wiring system and Network Design

Maintain

Control

DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING

Information Management

Building Automation System

System Integration

Facility Management

Intelligent Building Technology and Design

Technology Maintenance

7



VIII.

APPLICATIONS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS

Figure 2: Applications of Intelligent Buildings

IX. COMPARISON BETWEEN INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS AND ORDINARY BUILDINGS SN.

Intelligent Building

Ordinary Building

Intelligent building adjusts the inside functional aspects such 1.

as

lighting,

ventilation,

fire-fighting,

air

conditioning, etc. automatically with the changes in environmental conditions controlled by computer.

2.

3.

Ordinary building there will be different room conditions depending

on

the

changes

in

the

environmental

conditions.

In an Intelligent Building,

the security system,

In

an

Ordinary

Building,

the

security

system,

communication system, etc.

are coordinated and

communication system, etc. are not coordinated and

automatically controlled by computer work station.

automatically controlled by computer work station.

The cost of construction of an Intelligent Building is

The cost of construction of Ordinary Building is low as

very high as compared to an ordinary building.

compared to an ordinary building.

The development cost of an Intelligent Building is 8 10% higher than that of an ordinary building. 4.

But this can be justified by the resulting energy saving, which is only 25 – 35% of the energy required by

The cost of construction of Ordinary Building is low as compared to an ordinary building.

normal building.

8



X. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

A. Advantages Environmental Benefits

Economic Benefits

Social Benefits

• Enhance and protect biodiversity and ecosystems • Improve air and water quality • Reduce waste streams • Conserve and restore natural resources

• Reduce operating costs • Create, expand, and shape markets for green product and services • Improve occupant productivity • Optimize life-cycle economic performance

• Enhance occupant comfort and health • Heighten aesthetic qualities • Minimize strain on local infrastructure • Improve overall quality of life

B. Disadvantages In spite of many benefits, the main barriers to the promotion and acceptance of intelligent buildings can be attributed to the lack of:

Financial Resources

Confidence to undertake new and ‘untested’

technologies

Knowledge of developers and owners on the environmental impact of inefficient buildings

Professional capacity to incorporate and manage intelligent technologies

Institutional structures need to encourage and support uptake of such technologies

9



XI. CASE STUDIES OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING

A. Case Study – 1 [ Forum Mall, Bengaluru]

[a]

[b] Figure 3: Forum Mall, Bangalore

Source: http://www.constructionworld.in/News.aspx?nId=JjDft4lL3daEe1VT5gZ7Tg==

1) Forum Mall Intelligent Building Details: Floor Area: 3, 50, 000 Sq. ft. (plus 3, 00, 000 Sq. ft. parking) Developer: Prestige Group Intelligence Provided: Building Management System (BMS) BMS Provider: Trend Control Systems, Honeywell

10



2) Details of Forum Mall: 350,000 Sq. ft. of people

300,000 Sq. ft. of parking

Dual Entrance

Shoppertainment-Ground+4

Parking: Basement, Surface

Each parking level has

Floors

+ multi-level parking

direct access to respective

spread

floors Premium Finishes

Centrally Air-conditioned

100% generator backup

Wide walkways

Visitor comfort zones on

State of the art vertical

each floor

transportation

Uniform visibility

Staff comfort zones

Over 800 car parks

Intelligent Parking System

Facilities Management

Floor to ceiling height of

System

3.9m

Tele-connectivity

Specific parking for autos

Flat slab construction

and tour buses Round the clock security

Efficient freight handling

Managed indoor air quality

3) Project Details: Forum Mall, Bengaluru, India is fitted with a computerized building management system that „senses‟ where the maximum footfalls are leading and increases the cooling and ventilation in those areas. The sensors channels the information to the controllers of the HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, Climate control) systems, which respond accordingly. Sensors and controllers thus help to optimize the consumption of energy by using networks to relay intelligent inputs detailing the attributes of the physical environment to building services systems. 4) Result a chieved: Improved operational efficiency of the entire system with energy savings of 8 to 10%.

11



B. Case Study – 2 [Ebene Cyber Tower One, Mauritius]

Figure 4: Ebene Cyber Tower One, Mauritius

Source: http://www.constructionworld.in/News.aspx?nId=JjDft4lL3daEe1VT5gZ7Tg==

1) Management Committee: Architect: C R Narayana Rao (CRN) Intelligence Provided: Integrated Building Management System Provider: Race Technologies Cost of System: 1.75 to 2 Crore for the Building Management Systems (BMS) 2) System Details Ebene Cyber City, Mauritius was awarded the Intelligent Building of the year by the Intelligent Community Forum, USA in 2005. It uses an Integrated Management System conceived and designed by C. R. Narayana Rao (CRN) and implemented by Race technologies.

12



Comprehensive Integration

Integration

of all utilities, including

ventilation

HVAC

system to fire and other

automation

and

and

of An energy metering system exhaust

for accurate tenant billing for

power

consumed

by

scheduling as per client‟s systems.

various elements like UPS,

requirement.

lighting, air-conditioning.

Integration

of

Fire Comprehensive

Access

Alarm System, Fire Fighting

Control

System

with

and Public Address System.

integration of CCTV and

Turnstile

barriers

to

regulate access in secure areas.

Surveillance. Safety,

security

integration with on site and remote monitoring. Central telecom network

Electrical monitoring

systems Lighting and

metering

management

systems

systems System with automation of

Monitoring

of

Vertical Emergency

pumps

transportation System

Voice

Communication System for Evacuation

XII.

CONCLUSION

From this research work, following conclusion are drawn: 







There can be possible aspiration to provide an optimized solution of sustainability and intelligence that will help the agenda of living in a healthy, comfortable, and technologically advanced world. From a practical perspective, it can provide a way for developers or design teams to value sustainability of intelligent systems and lay emphasis on a sustainable design strategy. It can help set up industry standards in the future, which clients can refer to and decide the best suited intelligent green design for their organizational needs. It can also help to enhance the productivity and effectiveness of organizations by optimizing energy consumption, increase user satisfaction, minimize operating costs, and address key environmental issues. So, an intelligent building can use both technology and process to create a facility towards safe, healthy and comfortable and enables productivity and well-being of its occupants. And it can also exhibits key attributes of environmental sustainability to benefit present and future generations.

13





Though intelligent buildings have a positive impact on the environment, people and economy, there can be still a wide scope for enhancement. Owing to the continuous, evolving technological progress that intelligent buildings can be a part of demands further exploration. REFERENCES

[1] Atkin, B., 1988. Progress towards Intelligent Building in Atkin, B. (ed.) Intelligent Buildings - Applications of IT and Building Automation to High Technology Construction Projects. London: Unicom Seminars limited. [2] Akkermans H., Ygge F., and Gustavsson R., “HOMEBOTS: Intelligent Decentralized. [3] Bann J. J., Irisarri, G. D., Mokhtari S., Kirschen D.S. and Mille, B. N., "Integrating Applications in an Energy Management System", IEEE Expert 12(6), pp. 53-59, 1997. [4] Chappells, H., 2010. Comfort, well-being and the socio-technical dynamics of everyday life Intelligent Buildings International, 2(4), pp.286-298. [5] Chen, J., Ma, Y., Jeng, T. and Chang, C., 2010. An assessment of user needs for intelligent living space. Intelligent Buildings International, 2(1), pp.20-40. [6] Clements-Croome, D., 1997. What do we mean by intelligent buildings? Automation in Construction. [7] Clements-Croome, D. (ed.) 2004. Intelligent Buildings: Design, Management and Operation. London: Thomas Telford. [8] “Evolution of the office building in the course of the 20th century: Towards an intelligent building” Elz˙bieta Niezabitowska* and Dorota Winnicka -Jasłowska Faculty of Architecture, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland [9] Frost and Sullivan, 2009. The Bright Green Buildings - Convergence of Green and Intelligent Buildings Continental Automated Buildings Association (CABA). [10] Gray, A., 2006. How smart are Intelligent Buildings? [11] “Green Building” Sustainability Shapes the Future of Building, MGS Architecture September - October 2012 [12] Harrison, A., Loe, E. and Read, J., 1998. Intelligent Buildings in South East Asia. London: Taylor & Francis Routledge. [13] Himanen, M., 2003. The Intelligence of Intelligent Buildings: The Feasibility of the Intelligent Building Concept in Office Buildings. Doctor of Science in Technology Thesis, Helsinki University of Technology. [14] Mazza, P., 2008. Making green buildings intelligent: how to link green buildings and the Smart Grid [online]. [15] Moore, C.A., 2009b. Intelligent Buildings Are Green [online]. [16] Matsunawa, K. and Nohara, F., 1994. Intelligent building saves energy. ASHRAE Journal January, pp.3840. [17] Matthew, P., Mukherjee, M. and Gupta, V., 2009. The Performance of Intelligent Buildings in India. The Institution of Engineers (India) Journal, 90(April). [18] Sharples, S., Callaghan, V. and Clarke, G., 1999. A Multi-Agent Architecture for Intelligent building sensing and control. Sensor Review, 19(2), pp.135-140.

14


Conference on: “Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Today‟s Transforming World” [19] Services for Energy Management”, Fourth International Symposium on the Management of Industrial and Corporate Knowledge (ISMICK‟96), 1996. [20] http://propertybytes.indiaproperty.com/index.php/architecture-interiors/intelligent-buildings [21] http://iopscience.iop.org/journals [22] http://nreionline.com/technology/smart_buildings/ [23] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_home#Natural_lighting [24] http://www.tefma.com/infoservices/papers/2001/Dearlove.ppt [25] https://www.google.co.in/?gws_rd=cr&ei=SCnzUu_-I4WVrAfmw4Eg#q=intelligent+building+images [26] http://www.constructionworld.in/News.aspx?nId=JjDft4lL3daEe1VT5gZ7Tg==

15


Intelligent Building

Recommend Documents