SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT (MBA-035) ON “Study on Training and Development Program AT
“ Hindustan Aeronautics Limited(HAL)” Lucknow Submitted in Partial fulfillment of Master Of Business Administration (MBA) Programme: 2009-11 Of Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow SUBMITTED BY Usha verma MBA-3rd Semester Roll no. 0901470057
Faculty of Management Science Sri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering & Technology, Bareilly 1
Shri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering & Technology, Bareilly (U.P.)
Faculty of Management Science Certificate This is to certify that Ms- Usha verma, a regular student of MBA 2009 Batch has undergone Summer Training in HINDUSTAN AERONOTICS LIMITED ( HAL) at LUCKNOW on the topic of “STUDY ON TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AT HINDUSTAN AERONOTICS LIMITED” for a period of six weeks commencing from10 june date 24 july.to date. This Summer Training Project Report embodies the facts and figures collected and interpreted by her during the course of Training. ( NIKETA AGRAWAL ) Faculty Guide
(Anant Kumar Srivastava) Head - MBA
(Prof. S. P. Gupta) Director General
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take the opportunity to express my gratitude to all the concerned people who have directly or indirectly contributed towards completion of this project. I extend my sincere gratitude towards HAL for providing the opportunity and resources to work on this project. I am extremely grateful to Director General Dr. S.P Gupta,Head of Department(HOD) Mr. Ananat Srivastava and my Project Guiede Ms. Niketa Agarawal faculty of MBA DEPARTMENT, SRMS CET, Bareilly whose insight encouraged me to go beyond the scope of the project and this broadened me learning on this project. I also want to show my gratitude to Mr. Chaturbhuj Bhamal,HR manager of TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT SECTION whose insight helped me to complete this project.
Usha verma
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DECLARATION
I Usha verma student of Sri Ram Murti Smarak college of Engineering and Technology , Bareilly here by declare that the project titled “study of Training and Development Program at HAL” is my original as all the information, facts and figure in this report is based on my own training experience and study during my summer training procedure. Usha verma
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CONTENTS TOPIC
Executive Summary
PAGE NO.
PART 1 8-10
Overview of HAL
11-28
Organizational structure
29
Product and services
30-38
PART 2 Training program in HAL and research problem
40-65
Research methodology
66-68
Data analysis and interpretation
69-87
Findings
88
Recommendation
89
Bibliography
90
Annexure
91-96
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LIST OF TABLES TABLE NUMBER
PAGE NUMBER
I.
TABLE:1
69
II.
TABLE:2
70
III.
TABLE:3
72
IV.
TABLE:4
73
V.
TABLE:5
75
VI.
TABLE:6
76
VII.
TABLE:7
78
VIII.
TABLE:8
79
IX.
TABLE:9
81
X.
TABLE:10
82
XI.
TABLE:11
83
XII.
TABLE:12
85
XIII.
TABLE:13
86
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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NUMBER
PAGE NUMBER
I.
Figure:1
69
II.
Figure:2
71
III.
Figure:3
72
IV.
Figure:4
74
V.
Figure:5
75
VI.
Figure:6
77
VII.
Figure:7
78
VIII.
Figure:8
80
IX.
Figure:9
81
X.
Figure:10
82
XI.
Figure:11
84
XII.
Figure:12
85
XIII.
Figure:13
87
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PART 1
8
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Every organization needs to have well trained and experienced people to perform the activities that have to be done. If current or potential job occupants can meet this requirement, training is not important. When this not the case, it is necessary to raise the skill levels and increase the versatility and adaptability of employees. It is being increasing common for individual to change careers several times during their working lives. The probability of any young person learning a job today and having those skills go basically unchanged during the forty or so years if his career is extremely unlikely, may be even impossible. In a rapid changing society employee training is not only an activity that is desirable but also an activity that an organization must commit resources to if it is to maintain a viable and knowledgeable work force. The entire project talks about the training and development . Here we have discussed what would be the input of training if we ever go for and how can it be good to any organization in reaping the benefits from the money invested in terms like (ROI) i.e. return on investment. What are the ways we can identify the training need of any employee and how to know what kind of training he can go for? Training being covered in different aspect likes integrating it with organizational culture. The best and latest available trends in training method, the benefits which we can derive out of it. How the evaluation should be done and how effective is the training all together. Some of the companies practicing training in unique manner a lesson for other to follow as to how to train and retain the best resource in the world to reap the best out of it.
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INTRODUCTION Employee training tries to improve skills, or add to the existing level of knowledge so that employee is better equipped to do his present job, or to prepare him for a higher position with increased responsibilities. However individual growth is not an ends in itself. Organizational growth need to be measured along with individual growth. Training refers to the teaching or learning activities done for the primary purpose of
helping
members of an organization to acquire and apply the knowledge skills, abilities, and attitude needed by that organization to acquire and apply the same. Broadly speaking training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skill of an employee for doing a particular job. In today‟s scenario change is the order of the day and the only way to deal with it is to learn and grow. Employees have become central to success or failure of an organization. So it high time the organization realize that “train and retain is the mantra of new millennium.”
SCOPE OF THE STUDY The scope of the study covers in depth, the various training practices, modules, formats being followed and is limited to the company HAL (Hindustan aeronautics limited) and its employees. The different training programmes facilitated in HAL through its faculties, outside agencies or professional groups. It also judges the enhancement of the knowledge & skills of employees and feedback on its effectiveness.
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OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The broad objective of the study of training policies in HAL is to study the impact of training on the overall skill development of workers. The specific objectives of the study are: 1. To examine the effectiveness of training in overall development of skills of workforce. 2. To examine the impact of training on the workers. 3. To study the changes in behavioral pattern due to training. 4. To measure the differential change in output due to training. 5. To compare the cost effectiveness in implanting training programmes.
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OVERVIEW OF HINDUSTAN AERONOTICS LIMITED
MISSION “To become a globally competitive aerospace industry while working as an instrument for achieving self-reliance in design, manufacture and maintenance of aerospace defence equipment and diversifying to related areas, managing the business on commercial lines in a climate of growing professional competence "
VALUES CUSTOMER SATISFACTION We are dedicated to building a relationship with our customers where we become partners in fulfilling their mission. We strive to understand our customers ' needs and to deliver products and services that fulfill and exceed all their requirements.
COMMITMENT TO TOTAL QUALITY We are committed to continuous improvement of all our activities. We will supply products and services that conform to highest standards of design, manufacture, reliability, maintainability and fitness for use as desired by our customers.
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COST AND TIME CONSCIOUSNESS We believe that our success depends on our ability to continually reduce the cost and shorten the delivery period of our products and services. We will achieve this by eliminating waste in all activities and continuously improving all processes in every area of our work.
INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY We believe in striving for improvement in every activity involved in our business by pursuing and encouraging risk-taking, experimentation and learning at all levels within the company with a view to achieving excellence and competitiveness.
TRUST AND TEAM SPIRIT We believe in achieving harmony in work life through mutual trust, transparency, co-operation, and a sense of belonging. We will strive for building empowered teams to work towards achieving organizational goals.
RESPECT FOR THE INDIVIDUAL We value our people. We will treat each other with dignity and respect and strive for individual growth and realization of everyone's full potential.
INTEGRITY We believe in a commitment to be honest, trustworthy, and fair in all our dealings. We commit to be loyal and devoted to our organization. We will practice self discipline and own
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responsibility for our actions. We will comply with all requirements so as to ensure that our organization is always worthy of trust.
OBJECTIVES
To ensure availability of Total Quality People to meet the Organizational Goals and Objectives
To have a continuous improvement in Knowledge, Skill and Competence (Managerial, Behavioural and Technical)
To promote a Culture of Achievement and Excellence with emphasis on Integrity, Credibility and Quality
To maintain a motivated workforce through empowerment of Individual and Teambuilding
To enhance Organizational Learning
To play a pivotal role directly and significantly to enhance Productivity, Profitability and improve the Quality of Work Life
STRATEGY
To be in total alignment with Corporate Strategy
Maintain Human Resource at optimum level to meet the objectives and goals of the Company 14
Be competent in Mapping, Analysis and Up gradation of Knowledge and Skills including Training, Re-training, Multi-skilling etc
Cultivate Leadership with Shared Vision at various levels in the Organization
Focus on Development of Core Competence in High-Tech areas
Build Cross-functional Teams
Create awareness of Mission, Values and Organizational Goals through out the Company
Introduce / Implement personnel policies based on performance that would ensure growth, Rewards, Recognition, Motivation
FOCUS OF HUMAN RESOURCE POLICY
Competence Building
Commitment
Motivation
Employee Relations
In the backdrop of the above, the focus of Human Resource Development initiatives at HAL emphasize the following:
I ) MAN POWER PLANNING
Out sourcing of low tech and medium tech jobs
Fresh induction only in critical / highly specialised areas based on 15
requirements due to increase in work load and super annuation profile (Annexure-II). In the Workmen Cadre, induction will be restricted to Direct Workmen only
Improving the existing qualification profile by focusing on induction of professionally qualified personnel and diploma holders
Hence focus of recruitment would be to recruit people with a combination of knowledge, skill, experience and attitude in line with the organisational requirement through appropriate manpower plan both short term (contract appointments) and long term recruitment programme.
II ) TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Training is one of the most important tools for developing human resource. Hence, identification of training competency profile in terms of Vision, Mission of the Company would be the strategic point of the training and development strategy of the Company. The following objectives have been set in this regard:
To provide training to all employees at regular intervals in a plan period of 5 years
Training to become an integral component of individual professional evolution by: 16
o
updating knowledge to avoid obsolescence
o
enhancing professional creativity
o
enabling employees to shoulder higher responsibility
o
creating a business trend and strategic thinking to take up new business challenges (creation of Centre of Excellence, etc)
The goals of training will be to progressively achieve 7 days training per employee per year with a budget of 2% of annual Wage Bill. Keeping in view the organisational requirement and goals and objectives of the training,the following have been identified as the key focus areas of training: Technology
Tooling
Quality
Information Technology
Further, to facilitate the development of soft skills (change of mind-set, managerial development etc.) training would be imparted on a continuous basis. Tie-ups with Centres of Excellence like IITs, NDC, FIAS France etc. for imparting training would be given prime importance.
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III ) PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL : Appraising people for meeting the Company's goal would be the prime focus of performance management. The new Performance Appraisal System based on work planning and commitment (mutually agreed tasks) , self-review and performance analysis, performance review and feedback would ensure that the focus would be on value adding activities rather than on routine activities which bear no relationship with the Organisation's goals and objectives. Identification of low performers and resultant corrective action through out the Company would be given priority. Similarly, faster career growth opportunity would be provided to high performers.
IV ) REWARD SYSTEM The focus of the reward system in the Company is to promote team work and cultivate a sense of achievement and excellence in the Organisation. This is in addition to the existing scheme of reward for an individual who innovatively and creatively makes exemplary contributions in the key thrust areas of the Company that would lead to its achieving overall excellence. Coupled with the above, schemes like "Inter Divisional Competition" and "Profit Sharing Scheme" have been institutionalised in the Company for team reward.
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V ) SCHEME FOR LEARNING AND CERTIFICATION FOR EXECUTIVES A "Learning Organisation" is essential for survival in the present era of Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation. Therefore, "Knowledge" is the only core competence of Organisations for coping with changes. Since individual knowledge is the starting point for organizational knowledge, it is only the employees who can convert knowledge into efficient actions. In line with the above philosophy, among other initiatives like institutionalizing Learning Centres in Divisions etc., HAL has also introduced the scheme for Learning and Certification for executives as a starting point for building individual knowledge. The scheme inter-alia provides an opportunity for the Junior and Middle Management Cadre Executives to broaden their perspective by not only learning about all functions and procedures in their respective disciplines but also in related areas and overall knowledge about the Organization and its environment.
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EVALUTION AND GROWTH OF COMPANY Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) came into existence on 1st October 1964. The Company was formed by the merger of Hindustan Aircraft Limited with Aeronautics India Limited and Aircraft Manufacturing Depot, Kanpur. The Company traces its roots to the pioneering efforts of an industrialist with extraordinary vision, the late Seth Walchand Hirachand, who set up Hindustan Aircraft Limited at Bangalore in association with the erstwhile princely State of Mysore in December 1940. The Government of India became a shareholder in March 1941 and took over the Management in 1942. Today, HAL has 19 Production Units and 9 Research and Design Centers in 7 locations in India. The Company has an impressive product track record – 12 types of aircraft manufactured with in-house R & D and 14 types produced under license. HAL has manufactured over 3550 aircraft 3600 engines and overhauled over 8150 aircraft and 27300 engines. HAL has been successful in numerous R & D programs developed for both Defense and Civil Aviation sectors. HAL has made substantial progress in its current projects: Dhruv, which is Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) Tejas - Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Intermediate Jet Trainer (IJT) Various military and civil upgrades. HAL has played a significant role for India's space programs by participating in the manufacture of structures for Satellite Launch Vehicles like
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PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) GSLV (Geo-synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) IRS (Indian Remote Satellite) INSAT (Indian National Satellite) HAL has formed the following Joint Ventures (JVs): BAEHAL Software Limited Indo-Russian Aviation Limited (IRAL) Snecma HAL Aerospace Pvt. Ltd SAMTEL HAL Display System Limited HALBIT Avionics Pvt Ltd HAL-Edgewood Technologies Pvt. Ltd INFOTECH HAL Ltd Apart from these seven, other major diversification projects are Industrial Marine Gas Turbine and Airport Services. Several Co-production and Joint Ventures with international participation are under consideration. HAL's supplies / services are mainly to Indian Defense Services, Coast Guards and Border Security Forces. Transport Aircraft and Helicopters have also been supplied to Airlines as well as State Governments of India. The Company has also achieved a foothold in export in more than 30 countries, having demonstrated its quality and price competitiveness.
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HAL has won several International & National Awards for achievements in R&D, Technology, Managerial Performance, Exports, Energy Conservation, Quality and Fulfillment of Social Responsibilities. HAL was awarded the “INTERNATIONAL GOLD MEDAL AWARD” for Corporate Achievement in Quality and Efficiency at the International Summit (Global Rating Leaders 2003), London,by M/s Global Rating, UK in conjunction with the International Information and Marketing Centre (IIMC). HAL was presented the International - “ARCH OF EUROPE” Award in Gold Category in recognition for its commitment to Quality, Leadership, Technology and Innovation.· At the National level, HAL won the "GOLD TROPHY" for excellence in Public Sector Management, instituted by the Standing Conference of Public Enterprises (SCOPE)
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HAL in India Corporate Office Bangalore Liaison Offices Mumbai Delhi Chennai Vishakapatnam Manufacturing Units Bangalore Hyderabad Lucknow Korwa ( UP) Koraput (Orissa ) Kanpur Nasik ( Maharashtra) Design Centers Bangalore Hyderabad Nasik.
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Liaison Offices out of India
London Moscow
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) has cruised past the Rs.10,000 crore mark for the first time with a sales turnover of Rs.10,373 crores during the Financial Year 2008-09. The profit of the Company (Profit Before Tax) soared to Rs.2,335 crores Rupees in Crores Particulars 2007-08 2008-09 Growth over Previous Year
particular
2007-2008
2008-2009
Growth over previous year
Sales
8625
10373
20.27%
VOP
8791
11811
34.35%
Profit before tax
2164
2335
7.90%
Profit after tax
1632
1740
6.62%
Gross block
2255
2638
16.98%
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Accessories Division of HAL was established in 1970 with the primary objective of manufacturing systems and accessories for various aircraft and engines and attain self sufficiency in this area. Its facilities are spread over 94,000 sqm of built area set in sylvan surroundings. At present it is turning out over 1100 different types of accessories. The Division started with manufacturing various Systems and Accessories viz, Hydraulics, Engine Fuel System, Air-conditioning and Pressurization, Gyro & Barometric Instruments, Electrical System items, Undercarriages, Electronic items all under one roof to meet the requirements of the aircraft, helicopters and engines being produced by HAL. This was followed up with manufacturing the same range of accessories for MiG series of aircraft, International Jaguar and repair / overhaul of Mirage-2000 & Sea-Harrier accessories. In addition the Division manufactures systems for Civil Aircraft i.e. Avro, Dornier and AN-32 & cheetah, chetak & Advanced Light Helicopters.
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The Division, right from the beginning, laid a lot of emphasis on developing indigenous capability for Design and Development of various System and Accessories. This capability has culminated in indigenous design and development of a variety of systems and accessories for the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) and Advanced Light Helicopter (all versions i.e. Army, Airforce, Navy & Civil) - two prestigious aircraft programs in the country and IJT (Intermediate Jet Trainer). The Division has also developed and has made successful strides into the area of Microprocessor based control systems for the LCA Engine as well as other systems.
The Division diversified not only in other defence applications like tanks and armoured vehicles for Army, it look commercial applications of hydraulic items. Gyroscopic Equipment, Special Purpose Test Equipment & Group Support Equipment and successfully supplied in the market. The Division has been in the forefront of accessories development and supply not only to Indian Force but to Army, Navy and various Defence Laboratories as well as for Space applications.
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The Division today has a prime name in the Aviation market and various international companies are interested to join hands with it for future projects. The Division has also made steady progress in the area of Export.
FACILITIES Process Heat Treatment facilities for all types of steels, Aluminium alloys, Copper, Nickel & Titanium alloys.
Protective Treatment
Treatment facilities of all types like Plating, Publishing etc, SPECIAL types of Surface protection & Painting facility, i.w. RILSAN Coating PTFE Coating, MOLY DAG Coating.
Welding
Division has Electro Beam, Argon arc, Spot & Seam welding equipment to facilitate intricate welding on thin metal bellows, capsules, stator Packs, Brushes etc. Our welders are fully approved & certified by Civil Aviation Authority.
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Rubber, Plastic, Foundry
These facilities are in - house to cater for the needs of various production / servicing requirements.
Assembly And Test
8000 sq.mtrs of Clean/Air-conditioned room (class 10,000 with laminar flow cabinets) where assembly & test activities for instruments, Hydraulics and Fuel factories take place
Attached facilities to Assembly Shops are:
Dedicated Test Equipment, Environmental Testing facilities to meet the aeronautical acceptance standards.
Environmental Laboratory
Facilities for all types of Environmental testing as per requirements of BS, MIL & JSS, available to meet regular requirements of type testing of all types of units designed/developed in the in-house R &D centre.
In addition the Lab also caters for the need of special type of testing for Wheels, Hydraulic item etc. in dedicated test rigs/beds.
Design Computer Centre with Unigraphic , CAD & Analytical Software Packages.
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AWARDS The Accessories Division Certification are:
The ISO 9001 Certification for entire range of products and services.
ISO 14001 Certification for Environmental Management System
The Accessories Division Approvals are : Approval from DGCA, Govt. of India for design and development, manufacturing and repair. Approval for Research & Design Centre by Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. Approval of Director General Aeronautical Quality Assurance for Military Aviation products and services.
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Organizational structure:
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Product and services: Products in Current Manufacturing Range
INSTRUMENTS, SENSORS, GYROS Flight instruments, Electrical Indicators, Fuel Gauging Probes, Gyros, Sensors and Switches
ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION AND CONTROL AC/DC Generator, Control and Protection Units, Inverters, Transformer Rectifier Unit, AC/DC Electrical Systems, Actuators
LAND NAVIGATION SYSTEM
MICROPROCESSOR CONTROLLER
UNDERCARRIAGE, WHEELS AND BRAKES
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM AND POWER CONTROL Pumps, Accumulators, Actuators, Electro-selectors, Bootstrap Reservoirs and various types of valves
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM Pneumatics and Oxygen System, Cold Air Unit, Water Extractors, Valve - various types
EJECTION SYSTEM Ejection Seats, Release Units etc.
ENGINE FUEL CONTROL SYSTEM 31
Booster Pumps, Main and Reheat Fuel Systems, Nozzle Actuators
GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT AND TEST RIGS Ground Power Unit, Hydraulic Trolley and {Power Packs, Dedicated Test Rigs, custombuilt Fuel/Hydraulic Test Rigs
Supply of Rotables and Spares of Jaguar International and Cheetah (Lama) / Chetak (Alouette) Helicopters
Repair / Overhaul of aircraft accessories of MiG series Aircraft, Jaguar International Aircraft, Cheetah (Lama) / Chetak (Alouette) Helicopters and Dornier Multi-role Aircraft
Supply of Ground Support Equipment for Aircraft such as MiG-23 / 27 / 29, Mirage-2000, Jaguar, Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Su-30 MKI, Sea Harrier, Dornier DO-228, Avro HS-748 (Specific Version), Cheetah (Lama) / Chetak (Alouette lll), Ml – 17,Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH).
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SERVICES REPAIRS, MAJOR SERVICING AND SUPPLY OF SPARES The Division carries out Repair and Overhaul of Accessories, with minimum turn-around-time. Site Repair facilities are offered by the Division by deputing team of expert Engineers / Technicians.
Services provided for: Military Aircraft
MiG Series
Jaguar
Mirage-2000
Sea - Harrier
AN-32
Kiran MK- I / MK- II
HPT - 32
SU-30 MKI
Civil Aircraft
Dornier-22B
AVRO HS-748
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Helicopters
Chetak (Alouette)
Cheetah (Lama)
ALH (IAF / NAVY / COAST GUARD / CIVIL)
Sub-contract Capabilities
The Division has comprehensive manufacturing capabilities for various Hi-tech components, Equipment and Systems to customer's specifications and ensures high quality, reliability and cost effectiveness.
The Division has over 25 years of experience in producing aeronautical accessories making it an ideal partner for the International Aero Engineering Industry.
The Division also manufactures and supplies complete range of components of Cheetah (Lama) & Chetak (Alouette) Helicopters, Jaguar and MiG series Aircraft to Domestic and International Customers to support their fleet.
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OUTSOURCING Division has embarked upon selecting and creating a strong base of suppliers for outsourcing precision components, tooling and test equipment. This is required to handle higher loads of existing and new projects being undertaken in the division. Vendors are selected as per the corporate guidelines, pursuing a vendor approval process. Applicant Organisation with established facilities & capabilities, willingness to learn and excel in producing aeronautical level of quality product and with financial strength and preferably with DGAQA approval stand a good chance in becoming part of the aeronautical industrial expanse.
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HAL PRODUCT PROFILE Su 30 MKI
Twin-seater, Multi-role, Long range Fighter / Bomber / Air Superiority Aircraft
MiG-27 M
Single-seater Tactical Fighter / Bomber with variable sweep wings
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EJECTION SEAT
The Ejection Seat is installed to provide safe escape to the Pilot from the Aircraft while catapuling is effected with the help of a combined Ejection Gun. The Division has the facilities and expertise in the manufacture and overhaul of ejection seats for both MiG-27M and MiG-21 variants. Jaguar International
HAL commenced production of Jaguar International - deep penetration strike and battlefield tactical Support Aircraft in 1979 under licence from British Aerospace, including the engine,
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accessories and avionics.Jaguar aircraft is designed with 7 hard points ( 4 under wing, 2 over wing and 1 under fuselage) capable of Dhruv (Advanced Light Helicopter)
With a proven track record and established technology for manufacture of helicopters and its components, the Helicopter Division commenced series production of Dhruv (Advanced Light Helicopter) in 2000 - 2001. The ALH is a multi-role, multi-mission helicopter in 5.5 ton class, fully designed and developed by HAL. Built to FAR 29 specifications, Dhruv is designed to meet the requirement of both military and civil operators.
Major Features Designed to perform both utility and attack roles· Twin engine configuration which allows continued flight virtually throughout the flight envelope Incorporates a number of advanced technologies – Integrated Dynamic System (IDS) , Anti-resonance Vibration Isolation System (ARIS) , Full Authority Digital
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Electronic Control (FADEC) , Hingeless Main Rotor, Bearingless Tail Rotor and Automatic Flight Control System 7 Dhruv Helicopters were delivered to Indian Defence Forces in 2000-2001
Exports : Airbus A320 Forward Passenger Doors Boeing 757 Over Wing Exit Doors Boeing 777 Uplock Box Assembly Boeing 767 Bulk Cargo Doors Boeing 737 Freighter Conversion Kits BAE Systems – Tornado Pylons Fokker Aerostructures – F50 Horizontal Stablizers Boeing -3D-Modelling / Digitisation of Drawings
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PART 2
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TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
It is a subsystem of an organization. It ensures that randomness is reduced and learning or behavioral change takes place in structured format. TRADITIONAL AND MODERN APPROACH OF TRAINING AND DEVLOPMENT
Traditional Approach – Most of the organizations before never used to believe in training. They were holding the traditional view that managers are born and not made. There were also some views that training is a very costly affair and not worth. Organizations used to believe more in executive pinching. But now the scenario seems to be changing. The modern approach- This approach of training and development is that Indian Organizations have realized the importance of corporate training. Training is now considered as more of retention tool than a cost. The training system in Indian Industry has been changed to create a smarter workforce and yield the best results. TRAINING DEFINED It is a learning process that involves the acquisition of knowledge, sharpening of skills, concepts, rules, or changing of attitudes and behaviours to enhance the performance of employees. Training is activity leading to skilled behavior • It‟s not what you want in life, but it‟s knowing how to reach it • It‟s not where you want to go, but it‟s knowing how to get there 41
• It‟s not how high you want to rise, but it‟s knowing how to take off • It may not be quite the outcome you were aiming for, but it will be an outcome • It‟s not what you dream of doing, but it‟s having the knowledge to do it • It's not a set of goals, but it‟s more like a vision • It‟s not the goal you set, but it‟s what you need to achieve it Training is about knowing where you stand (no matter how good or bad the current situation looks) at present, and where you will be after some point of time. Training is about the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA) through professional development.
Importance of Training and Development • Optimum Utilization of Human Resources – Training and Development helps in optimizing the utilization of human resource that further helps the employee to achieve the organizational goals as well as their individual goals. • Development of Human Resources – Training and Development helps to provide an opportunity and broad structure for the development of human resources‟ technical and behavioral skills in an organization. It also helps the employees in attaining personal growth. • Development of skills of employees – Training and Development helps in increasing the job knowledge and skills of employees at each level. It helps to expand the horizons of human intellect and an overall personality of the employees • Productivity – Training and Development helps in increasing the productivity of the employees that helps the organization further to achieve its long-term goal
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• Team spirit – Training and Development helps in inculcating the sense of team work, team spirit, and inter-team collaborations. It helps in inculcating the zeal to learn within the employees • Organization Culture – Training and Development helps to develop and improve the organizational health culture and effectiveness. It helps in creating the learning culture within the organization. • Organization Climate – Training and Development helps building the positive perception and feeling about the organization. The employees get these feelings from leaders, subordinates, and peers. • Quality – Training and Development helps in improving upon the quality of work and worklife. • Healthy work-environment – Training and Development helps in creating the healthy working environment. It helps to build good employee, relationship so that individual goals aligns with organizational goal. • Health and Safety – Training and Development helps in improving the health and safety of the organization thus preventing obsolescence. • Morale – Training and Development helps in improving the morale of the work force. • Image – Training and Development helps in creating a better corporate image. • Profitability – Training and Development leads to improved profitability and more positive attitudes towards profit orientation.
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• Training and Development aids in organizational development i.e. Organization gets more effective decision making and problem solving. It helps in understanding and carrying out organizational policies. • Training and Development helps in developing leadership skills, motivation, loyalty, better attitudes, and other aspects that successful workers and managers usually display.
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES The principal objective of training and development division is to make sure the availability of a skilled and willing workforce to an organization. In addition to that, there are four other objectives: Individual, Organizational, Functional, and Societal. Individual Objectives – help employees in achieving their personal goals, which in turn, enhances the individual contribution to an organization. Organizational Objectives – assist the organization with its primary objective by bringing individual effectiveness. Functional Objectives – maintain the department‟s contribution at a level suitable to the organization‟s needs. Societal Objectives – ensure that an organization is ethically and socially responsible to the needs and challenges of the society.
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Importance of Training Objectives Training objective is one of the most important parts of training program. While some people think of training objective as a waste of valuable time. The counterargument here is that resources are always limited and the training objectives actually lead the design of training. It provides the clear guidelines and develops the training program in less time because objectives focus specifically on needs. It helps in adhering to a plan. Training objectives tell the trainee that what is expected out of him at the end of the training program. Training objectives are of great significance from a number of stakeholder perspectives. 1. Trainer 2. Trainee 3. Designer 4. Evaluator Trainer – The training objective is also beneficial to trainer because it helps the trainer to measure the progress of trainees and make the required adjustments. Also, trainer comes in a position to establish a relationship between objectives and particular segments of training. Trainee – The training objective is beneficial to the trainee because it helps in reducing the anxiety of the trainee up to some extent. Not knowing anything or going to a place which is unknown creates anxiety that can negatively affect learning. Therefore, it is important to keep the participants aware of the happenings, rather than keeping it surprise. Secondly, it helps in increase in concentration, which is the crucial factor to make the training successful. The objectives create an image of the training program in trainee‟s mind that actually helps in gaining attention. Thirdly, if the goal is set to be challenging and motivating, then the 45
likelihood of achieving those goals is much higher than the situation in which no goal is Set. Therefore, training objectives helps in increasing the probability that the participants will be successful in training. Designer – The training objective is beneficial to the training designer because if the designer is aware what is to be achieved in the end then he‟ll buy the training package according to that only. The training designer would then look for the training methods, training equipments, and training content accordingly to achieve those objectives. Furthermore, planning always helps in dealing effectively in an unexpected situation. Consider an example; the objective of one training program is to deal effectively with customers to increase the sales. Since the objective is known, the designer will design a training program that will include ways to improve the interpersonal skills, such as verbal and non verbal language, dealing in unexpected situation i.e. when there is a defect in a product or when a customer is angry. Therefore, without any guidance, the training may not be designed appropriately. Evaluator – It becomes easy for the training evaluator to measure the progress of the trainees because the objectives define the expected performance of trainees. Training objective is an important to tool to judge the performance of participants.
Training and Human Resource Management The HR functioning is changing with time and with this change, the relationship between the training function and other management activity is also changing. The training and development activities are now equally important with that of other HR functions. Gone are the days, when training was considered to be futile, waste of time, resources, and money. Now-a-days, training 46
is an investment because the departments such as, marketing & sales, HR, production, finance, etc depends on training for its survival. If training is not considered as a priority or not seen as a vital part in the organization, then it is difficult to accept that such a company has effectively carried out HRM. Training actually provides the opportunity to raise the profile development activities in the organization. To increase the commitment level of employees and growth in quality movement (concepts of HRM), senior management team is now increasing the role of training. Such concepts of HRM require careful planning as well as greater emphasis on employee development and long term education. Training is now the important tool of Human Resource Management to control the attrition rate because it helps in motivating employees, achieving their professional and personal goals, increasing the level of job satisfaction, etc. As a result training is given on a variety of skill development and covers a multitude of courses.
Role of HRD Professionals in Training This is the era of cut-throat competition and with this changing scenario of business; the role of HR professionals in training has been widened. HR role now is: 1. Active involvement in employee education 2. Rewards for improvement in performance 3. Rewards to be associated with self esteem and self worth 4. Providing pre-employment market oriented skill development education and post employment support for advanced education and training 5. Flexible access i.e. anytime, anywhere training. 47
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT: Training and development go hand in hand and are often used synonymously but there is a difference between them. Training is the process of learning a sequence of programmed behavior. It is an application of knowledge. It gives people an awareness of the rules and procedures to guide their behavior. It intends to improve their performance on the current job and prepares them for an intended job. Development is a related process. It covers not only those activities, which improve job performance, but also those, which bring about growth of the personality. It helps individual in the progress towards maturity and actualization of potential capabilities so that they can become not only good employees but better human beings.
LEARNING AND TRAINING Irrespective of the type or method of training, a trainer has to keep in mind some of the principles of learning or motivation, which would enhance internationalization of what is taught. PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING
MOTIVATION Learning is enhanced when the learner is motivated. Learning experience must be designed so learners can see how it will help in achieving the goals of the organization. Effectiveness of training depends on motivation. FEEDBACK 48
Training requires feedback. It is required so the trainee can correct his mistakes. Only getting information about how he is doing to achieve goals, he can correct the deviations. REINFORCEMENT The principle of reinforcement tells the behaviors that are positively reinforced are encouraged and sustained. It increases the likelihood that a learned behavior well be repeated.
PRACTICE Practice increases a trainee‟s performance. When the trainees practice actually, they gain confidence and are less likely to make errors or to forget what they have learned. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Individual training is costly. Group training is advantageous to the organization. Individuals vary in intelligence and aptitude from person to person. Training must be geared to the intelligence and aptitude of individual trainee.
TRAINING INPUTS There are three basic types of inputs; (i)Skills (ii)Attitude (iii)Knowledge. The primary purpose of training is to establishing a sound relationship is at its best when the workers attitude to the job is right, when the workers knowledge of the job is adequate, and he 49
has developed the necessary skills. Training activities in an industrial organization are aimed at making desired modifications in skills, attitudes and knowledge of employee so that they perform their jobs most efficiently and effectively
BEST TIME TO IMPART TRAINING TO EMPLOYEE
1. NEW RECRUITS TO THE COMPANY These have a requirement for induction into the company as a whole in terms of its business activities and personnel policies and provisions, the terms, conditions and benefits appropriate to the particular employee, and the career and advancement opportunities available.
2. TRANSFEREES WITHIN THE COMPANY These are people who are moved from one job to another, either within the same work area, i.e. the same department or function, or to dissimilar work under a different management. Under this heading we are excluding promotions, which take people into entirely new levels of responsibility.
3. PROMOTIONS Although similar to the transferee in that there is a new job to be learned in new surroundings, he is dissimilar in that the promotion has brought him to a new level of supervisory or management responsibility. The change is usually too important and difficult to make successfully to permit one to assume that the promotes will pick it up as he goes along and 50
attention has to be paid to training in the tasks and the responsibilities and personal skills necessary for effective performance. 4. NEW PLANT OR EQUIPMENT Even the most experienced operator has everything to learn when a computer and electronic controls replace the previous manual and electro-mechanical system on the process plant on which he works. There is no less a training requirement for the supervisors and process management, as well as for technical service production control and others.
5. NEW PROCEDURES Mainly for those who work in offices in commercial and administrative functions but also for those who we workplace is on the shop floor or on process plant on any occasion on which there is a modification to existing paperwork or procedure for, say the withdrawal of materials from stores, the control of customer credit the approval of expense claims, there needs to be instruction on the change in the way of working in many instances, a note bringing the attention of all concerned the change is assume to be sufficient, but there are cases, such as when total new systems in corporating IT up dates are installed, when more thorough training is needed.
6. NEW STANDARDS, RULES AND PRACTICES Changes in any one these are likely to be conveyed by printed note or by word of mouth by the manager to his subordinates, and this can be the most satisfaction way of dealing with the change from the point of view of getting those affected to understand their new responsibility. However not all changes under this heading can be left to this sort of handling. Even the 51
simplest looking instruction may be regarded as undesirable or impracticable by whoever has to perform it he may not understand the purpose behind the change and lose confidence in a management which he now believes to be „messing about‟, or he may understand the purpose and have a better alternative to offer if it is not too late.
7. NEW RELATIONSHIP AND AUTHORITIES These can arise, as a result of management decisions, in a number of ways. In examples, the recognition of the accounts department can result in a realization of responsibilities between the section leaders of credit control, invoicing and customer records, although there is no movement of staff between the sections (i.e. no transfers). Although the change in work content for each clerk and supervisor is defined clearly for each person in the new procedures, there is nevertheless a need for each person to know where he stands in the new set up, which is responsible for what, and where to direct problems and enquiries as they arise in the future.
8. MAINTENANCE OF STANDARDS We are here concerned with maintenance of standards through training, for it must be remembered that supervision and inspection and qualify control are continuously responsible for standards and exercise their own authorities to this end. Although it is generally agreed that some retraining from time to time, taking varied forms even for the on group of employees, does act as both a reminder and a stimulus, there is not much agreement on the next frequency and form that such retraining should take, of there is as yet little scientific knowledge on this subject which is of much use in industrial situations. 52
9. THE MAINTENANCE OF ADAPTABILITY Again, whilst there is little scientific study of the loss of ability to learn new skills in those cases where people spend a long time without change, and without the need to learn, there is increasing evidence in current experience to suggest that this is the case in industrial employment. Add, of course, there is the inference arising from the laboratory experiments of psychologists.
10. THE MAINTENANCE OF MANAGEMENT SKILLS & STANDARDS Skills in supervising, employee appraisal, communications, leadership etc are important in all companies. Some of these skills are seen to be critical to major developments in company organisation, culture, employee empowerment and so on. Initial training in these skills is not uncommon in the largest companies on appointment into management and supervision. But continuous training and performance monitoring is rare, despite the common knowledge that standards are as varied as human nature.
11. RETIREMENT AND REDUNDANCY Employees of any position in the company who are heading towards retirement will benefit from learning about health, social life, work opportunities money management etc. Internal or external courses are best attended a year or two before retirement date, in a few companies a member of Personnel will act as a counselor as required. 53
TYPES OF TRAINING Training is required for several purposes. Accordingly training programmes may be of the following types: Orientation training: Induction or orientation training seeks to adjust newly appointed employees to the work environment. Every new employee needs to be made fully familiar with his job, his superiors and subordinates and with the rules and regulations of the organization. Induction training creates self-confidence in the employees. It is also knows as pre-job training. It is brief and informative. Job training: It refers to the training provided with a view to increase the knowledge and skills of an employee for performance on the job. Employees may be taught the correct methods of handling equipment and machines used in a job. Such training helps to reduce accidents, waste and inefficiency in the performance of the job. Safety training: Training provided to minimize accidents and damage to machinery is known as safety training. It involves instruction in the use of safety devices and in safety consciousness. Promotional training: It involves training of existing employees to enable them to perform higher-level jobs. Employees with potential are selected and they are given training before their promotion, so that they do not find it difficult to shoulder the higher responsibilities of the new positions to which they are promoted.
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Refresher training: When existing techniques become obsolete due to the development of better techniques, employees have to be trained in the use of new methods and techniques. With the passage of time employee may forget some of the methods of doing work. Refresher training is designed to revive and refresh the knowledge and to update the skills of the existing employees. Short-term refresher courses have become popular on account of rapid changes in technology and work methods. Refresher or re-training programs are conducted to avoid obsolescence of knowledge and skills.
METHODS OF TRAINING
ON-THE-JOB TECHNIQUES On the job techniques enables managers to practice management skills, make mistakes and learn from their mistakes under the guidance of an experienced, competent manager. Some of the methods are as:
Job Rotation: It is also referred to as cross straining. It involves placing an employee on different jobs for periods of time ranging from a few hours to several weeks. At lower job levels, it normally consumes a short period, such as few hours or one or two days. At higher job levels, it may consume much larger periods because staff trainees may be learning complex functions and responsibilities. Job rotation for managers usually
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involves temporary assignments that may range from several months to one or more years in various departments, plants and offices. Job rotation for trainees involves several short-term assignments, that touch a variety of skills and gives the trainees a greater understanding of how various work areas function. For middle and upper level management, it serves a slightly different function. At this stage, it involves lateral promotions, which last for one or more years. It involves a move to different work environment so that manager may develop competence in general management decisionmaking skills.
Enlarged and enriched job responsibilities: By giving an employee added job duties, and increasing the autonomy and responsibilities associated with the job, the firm allows an employee to learn a lot about the job, department and organization. Job instruction training: It is also known as step-by-step training. Here, the trainer explains the trainee the way of doing the jobs, job knowledge and skills and allows him to do the job. The trainer appraises the performance of the trainee, provides feedback information and corrects the trainee. In simple words, it involves preparation, presentation, performance, and tryout and follow up. Coaching: The trainee is placed under a particular supervisor who functions as a coach in training the individual. The supervisor provides the feedback to the trainee on his performance and offers him some suggestions for improvement. Often the trainee shares some duties and 56
responsibilities of the coach and relives him of his burden. A drawback is that the trainee may not have the freedom or opportunity to express his own ideas. Committee assignments: Here in, a group of trainees are given and asked to solve an actual organizational problem. The trainees solve the problem jointly. This develops team work and group cohesiveness feelings amongst the trainees.
OFF-THE-JOB TRAINING It includes anything performed away from the employee‟s job area or immediate work area. Two broad categories of it are: IN HOUSE PROGRAMMES These are conducted within the organizations own training facility; either by training specialists from HR department or by external consultant or a combination of both. OFF-SITE PROGRAMMES It is held elsewhere and sponsored by an educational institution, a professional association, a government agency or an independent training and development firm. The various off- the- jobtraining programmes are as follows:
Vestibule training: Herein, actual work conditions are simulated in a classroom. Material, files and equipment those are used in actual job performance are also used in training. This type of training is commonly used for training personnel for clerical and semiskilled jobs. The duration
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of this training ranges from few days to a few weeks. Theory can be related to practice in this method. · Role-playing: It is defined as a method of human interaction that involves realistic behaviour in imaginary situations. This method involves action doing and practice. The participants play the role of certain characters, such as production manager, HR manager, foreman, workers etc. This method is mostly used for developing interpersonal interactions and relations. · Lecture method: The lecture is a traditional and direct method of instruction. The instruction organizes the material and gives it to the group of trainees in the form of a talk. To be effective, the lecture must motivate and create interest among the trainees. An advantage of this method is that it is direct and can be used for a large group of trainees. · Conference or discussion: It is a method in training the clerical, professional and supervisory personnel. It involves a group of people who pose ideas, examine and share facts and data, test assumptions and draw conclusions, all of which contribute to the improvement of job performance. It has an advantage that it involves two way communication and hence feedback is provided. The participants feel free to speak in small groups. Success depends upon the leadership qualities of the person who leads the group.
EXECUTIVE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS Executives are the people who shape the policies, make the decisions and see their implementation in any business organization. They are the president, the vice-president, the 58
managing director, works manager, plant superintendent, controller, treasurer, office managers, engineers, directors of functions such as purchasing, research, personnel, legal, marketing etc. Executive development may be stated as the application of planned efforts for raising the performance standards of high level managers, and for improving the attitudes and activities that enter into or influence their work and their work relations.
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TRAINING PROGRAMMES IN HAL
HAL follows the philosophy to establish and build a strong performance driven culture with greater accountability and responsibility at all levels. To that extent the Company views capability as a combination of the right people in the right jobs, supported by the right processes, systems, structure and metrics. The Company organizes various training and development programmes, both inhouse and at other places in order to enhance the skills and efficiency of its employees. These training and development programmes are conducted at various levels for officers. Type of training followed by HAL: Classroom lectures Mentoring Workshop Orientation/Induction
HAL provides training to all its employees as per the policy of the organization. PURPOSE OF TRAINING: To ensure availability of trained manpower and fill the gap between the skills required for job and the skill available. SCOPE: All categories of employees
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PROCESS
Feedback form
Preparation of training calendar
Validation by training council
Approval by General Manager
Implementation of approved training calendar
FEEDBACK: 61
The Performance Appraisal form of the organization has a section in which the training and development needs are filled up. The Individual Officer first identifies the training needs of himself and then it is recommended by the reporting Officer and then by the Departmental Head. In HAL two tyre system is followed in which both the employee and the higher authority praise. It is devided into 9 section. 1. Summary of achievements of quarterly task (by initiative authority) 2. Self appraisal 3. Assessment of traits (by initiative authority and reviewing authority) 4. Qualitative assessment of appraise (by initiative authority and reviewing authority) 5. General assessment and management review categorization by initiative authority and reviewing authority) 6. Illustrative list of areas for training 7. Feedback from HRD cell 8. Training and development need 9. Evaluation by performance review board
The Training needs as identified in the PAR(performance appraisal report) are recorded by the HRD Department and necessary action is taken for imparting the identified training. Training needs are identified based on: 62
- Company‟s strategy and policy. - Organizational Thrust Areas. - New Emerging Areas.
PREPARATION OF TRAINING CALENDAR After getting feedback from the HRD department about the training and development need training calendar is prepared by the initiative authority for the purpose of the defining : Training hour(6 hour) Trainee number Type of training Supervisor/ guide
VALIDATION BY TRAINING COUNCIL
After preparing the training calendar it is validate by the training council which consist 5-6 advisory body. Advisory body do the following things: Recommended and add new training program Remove the unnecessary programs Give approval to the program
APPROVAL BY GENERAL MANAGER
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After approval of calendar by the training council it is further send for the final approval of calendar to the general manager (mr. RJ NARAYAN)
IMPLEMENTATION Training calendar is implement after the final approval of GM
IMPARTING OF TRAINING Actual training is imparted with the help of in-house and outside agencies. The selection of these agencies is done on the basis of reputation; programmes offered by them, past experience and feedback received from the earlier participants. Training is also imparted by nominating the concerned employee for an external training programme. All records of the training are maintained at branch as per Record of Training in the Personnel folder and the same is intimated to the Executive Office Personnel through the Monthly Personnel Report. FEEDBACK OF TRAINING PROGRAMM A feedback is taken from the participants through a questionnaire on the program and their impressions in order to further improve upon the same. There are three such questionnaires available and one of these is used depending upon the nature of the training program and the level of participants. Also, a person from the personnel department sits through the final session of the program and takes the verbal feedback about the program. TRAINING PROGRAMMES FLOWING FROM TRAINING NEEDS: The programmes are divided into three broad categories: - Functional 64
- Behavioral - General/ Omnibus programmes 1. Functional: The outcome of the training is measured by comparing the data pre-training and post-training. A scale is developed for measuring the effectiveness of training based on the % achievement of the objectives. 2. Behavioral: The effectiveness of the training of this nature is measured annually. This is seen through the training need identification for the coming year for the employee. If the training need is repeated there, then the training provided is taken as ineffective. If the training need is repeated but with focus on a part of the need, then the training is partially effective. If not repeated, then the training is effective. 3. General: These are the training needs flowing directly from the organizational needs. Examples of these can be ISO 9000 training, ISO 14000 training and any awareness training. These are omnibus training programmes, which are run for a large number of employees. The effectiveness of the training is measured by: - Achievement of those organizational objectives within the time lines. - Number of audit issues raised on the areas covered in the training. - Any other such thing as defined in the training brochure. The effectiveness of the outside training program is measured on the same line as above. However, no detailed brochure is prepared for the same. The measurement criterion for the program is defined in the beginning of the program and effectiveness measured against the same. A consolidated effectiveness report of the training program is prepared at the end of the year. The programmes that are found to be ineffective are reworked 65
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES IN HAL
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The first & foremost step in any research work is to identify the problems or objectives on which the researcher has to work on. MAJOR OBJECTIVE To analyze the existing training practices, its effectiveness and recommend measures to improve the training practices in HAL. MINOR OBJECTIVES To study the frequency of training, training methods and their effects on the trainees and recommend certain measures for improvement. To understand the present practices enforced in respect of training at the personnel department and recommend any changes if necessary. To take feedback and analyze the level of satisfaction amongst the employees in respect of training activities and suggest alternatives.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Every project work is based on certain methodology, which is a way to systematically solve the problem or attain its objectives. It is a very important guideline and lead to completion of any project work through observation, data collection and data analysis . According to Clifford Woody, “Research Methodology comprises of defining & redefining problems, collecting, organizing &evaluating data, making deductions &researching to conclusions.” Accordingly, the methodology used in the project is as follows: Defining the objectives of the study Framing of questionnaire keeping objectives in mind (considering the objectives) Feedback from the employees Analysis of feedback Conclusion, findings and suggestions.
SELECTION OF SAMPLE SIZE In order to take a reasonable sample size and not to disturb the functioning of the organization, a sample size of reasonable strength of the Company has been taken in order to arrive at the present practices of training in the Company. Accordingly, 50 officers have been selected at random from all the departments of the organization and feedback forms (questionnaire) have been obtained. The data has been analyzed in order to arrive at present training practices in the organization. 67
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE USED The technique of Random Sampling has been used in the analysis of the data/Random sampling from a finite population refers to that method of sample selection, which gives each possible sample combination an equal probability of being picked up and each item in the entire population to have an equal chance of being included in the sample. This sampling is without replacement, i.e. once an item is selected for the sample, it cannot appear in the sample again.
DATA COLLECTION To determine the appropriate data for res earch mainly two kinds of data was collected namely primary & secondary data as explained below: PRIMARY DATA Primary data are those, which were collected afresh & for the first time and thus happen to be original in character. However, there are many methods of collecting the primary data; all have not been used for the purpose of this project. The ones that have been used are: Questionnaire Informal Interviews Observation SECONDARY DATA Secondary data is collected from previous researches and literature to fill in the respective project. The secondary data was collected through: 68
Text Books Articles Journals Websites
STATISTICAL TOOLS USED The main statistical tools used for the collection and analyses of data in this project are: Pie Charts Tables LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The following are the limitations of the study:
SCOPE OF THE STUDY Training Effectiveness is the process wherein the management finds out how effective it has been at training and developing the employees in an organization.
more effective. ion the direction, how to deal differently with different employees.
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DATA ANALYSIS 1) How many training programmes have you attended in last 5 years? TABLE:1 No. of Programmes
No. of Respondents
% of Responses
0-5
20
40%
6-10
12
26%
10-15
10
20%
More than 15
8
15%
Total
50
100%
Figure:1 70
INTERPRETATION 45% of the officers have attended 6-15 training programmes in the last 5 years, which is an indication of an effective training policy of the organization. However, 40% of the officers have attended only 0-5 training programmes, which needs to be evenly monitored by the organization.
2) The programme objectives were known to you before attending it. TABLE:2
Options
No. of Respondents
% of Responses
Strongly agree
12
25%
Moderately agree
20
35%
Can‟t Say
6
15%
Moderately Disagree
2
5%
Strongly Disagree
10
20%
Total
50
100%
71
strongly disagree 20%
strongly agree 25%
moderately disagree 5%
moderately agree 35%
can't say 15%
Figure:2
INTERPRETATION 35% of the respondents moderately agree to the fact of knowing the training objectives before, in addition to 25% who strongly agree. But a small population disagrees as 20% strongly disagree to this notion. Training objectives should therefore be made known compulsorily before imparting training in the organization.
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3. The training program was relevant to your developmental needs.
TABLE:3 Options
No. of Respondents
% of Responses
Strongly agree
15
30%
Moderately agree
20
40%
Can‟t Say
7
15%
Moderately Disagree
5
10%
Strongly Disagree
3
5%
Total
50
100%
moderately disagree 10%
strongly disagree 5% strongly agree 30%
can't say 15%
moderately agree 40% Figure:3
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INTERPRETATION 70% of the respondents feel that the training programmes were in accordance to their developmental needs. 15% respondents could not comment on the question and 15% think that the programmes are irrelevant to their developmental needs. So the organization must ensure programmes that satisfy the developmental needs of the officers.
4- The period of training session was sufficient for the learning. TABLE:4 Options
No. of Respondents
% of Responses
Strongly agree
15
31%
Moderately agree
10
21%
Can‟t Say
10
21%
Moderately Disagree
9
16%
Strongly Disagree
6
11%
Total
50
100%
74
strongly disagree 10%
strongly agree 32%
moderately disagree 16%
moderately agree 21%
can't say 21%
Figure:4
INTERPRETATION 52% respondents feel that the time limit of the training programme was adequate but 25% feel that it was insufficient. Also, 21% could not comment on the question. All the respondents though felt that increase in time limit of the programmes would certainly be beneficial and the organization should plan for this to be implemented in the near future.
5) The training methods used during the training were effective for understanding the subject.
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TABLE:5 Options
No. of Respondents
% of Responses
Strongly agree
10
20%
Moderately agree
20
40%
Can‟t Say
8
15%
Moderately Disagree
7
15%
Strongly Disagree
5
10%
Total
50
100%
moderately disagree 15%
strongly disagree 10%
strongly agree 20%
can't say 15%
moderately agree 40%
Figure:5
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INTERPRETATION 40% of the respondents believe that the training methods used during the programmes were helpful in understanding the subject, yet 25% disagree to this notion. The organization should use better, hi-tech methods to enhance the effectiveness of the methods being used during the training programmes.
6) The training sessions were exciting and a good learning experience. TABLE:6
Options
No. of Respondents
% of Responses
Strongly agree
12
25%
Moderately agree
20
40%
Can‟t Say
5
10%
Moderately Disagree
8
15%
Strongly Disagree
5
10%
Total
50
100%
77
strongly disagree 10% strongly agree 25%
moderately disagree 15%
can't say 10% moderately agree 40%
Figure:6
INTERPRETATION 65% respondents believe that the training sessions were exciting and a good learning experience. 10% respondents could not comment on this while 25% differ in opinion. They feel that the training sessions could have been more exciting if the sessions had been more interactive and in line with the current practices in the market.
7) The training aids used were helpful in improving the overall effectiveness of the programme.
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TABLE:7 Options
No. of Respondents
% of Responses
Strongly agree
10
20%
Moderately agree
12
25%
Can‟t Say
18
35%
Moderately Disagree
7
15%
Strongly Disagree
3
5%
Total
50
100%
strongly disagree moderately 5% disagree 15%
strongly agree 20%
can't say 35%
moderately agree 25%
Figure:7
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INTERPRETATION 40% of the respondents believe that the training aids used were helpful in improving the overall effectiveness, yet 20% disagree to this notion. 35% respondents did not comment on the issue. Yet the total mindset of the respondents was that the organization should use better scientific aids to enhance the presentation and acceptance value of the training program.
8) The training was effective in improving on- the- job efficiency.
TABLE:8 Options
No. of Respondents
% of Responses
Strongly agree
8
15%
Moderately agree
15
30%
Can‟t Say
10
20%
Moderately Disagree
10
20%
Strongly Disagree
7
15%
Total
50
100%
80
strongly disagree 15%
strongly agree 15%
moderately disagree 20%
moderately agree 30%
can't say 20%
Figure:8
INTERPRETATION 45% respondents believe that the training programmes increase their job efficiency but 35% disagree to this. The view of the respondents were towards having more technological and current topics for the training programmes which could help them satisfy their creative urge and simultaneously increase their on-the-job efficiency.
9) In your opinion, the numbers of training programmes organized during the year were sufficient for employees of HAL.
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TABLE:9 Options
No. of Respondents
% of Responses
Strongly agree
5
10%
Moderately agree
7
15%
Can‟t Say
13
25%
Moderately Disagree
5
10%
Strongly Disagree
20
40%
Total
50
100%
strongly agree 10%
strongly disagree 40%
moderately agree 15%
can't say 25%
moderately disagree 10%
Figure:9 INTERPRETATION 25% respondents have the opinion that the frequency of the training programmes is sufficient but 50% of the respondents differ to this. They believe that the number of training programmes
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organized in a year should be increased and some in house training programmes should also be organized by the organization regularly.
10) How many training programmes have you attended during the last year? TABLE:10 No. of Programmes
No. of Respondents
% of Responses
Upto 2
31
62%
3-5
12
25%
6-8
6
10%
More than 8
1
3%
Total
50
100%
6_8 10%
More than 8 3%
3_5 25%
Upto 2 62%
Figure:10
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INTERPRETATION 35% of the workers have attended 3-8 training programmes in the last year, which is the clue of a useful training policy of the organization. However, 62% of the workers have attended only 02 training programmes, which should be effectively seen by the organization. Also, every worker should be given chances to attend as many training programmes as possible. 11) The training given is useful to you. TABLE:11 Options
No. of Respondents
% of Responses
Strongly agree
24
47%
Moderately agree
12
24%
Can‟t Say
6
13%
Moderately Disagree
6
13%
Strongly Disagree
2
3%
Total
50
100%
84
moderately disagree 13%
strongly disagree 3%
can't say 12%
strongly agree 47% moderately agree 25%
Figure:11 INTERPRETATION 71% of the respondents feel that the training programmes were useful. 13% respondents could not comment on the question and 16% think that the programmes were irrelevant to their objective of being useful. The organization must ensure programmes that are useful and prove to cater to the developmental needs of the workers.
85
12) The time limit of the training programme was sufficient. TABLE:12
Options
No. of Respondents
% of Responses
Strongly agree
9
18%
Moderately agree
18
34%
Can‟t Say
6
13%
Moderately Disagree
7
15%
Strongly Disagree
10
20%
Total
50
100%
strongly disagree 20%
strongly agree 17%
moderately disagree 15%
moderately agree 35%
can't say 13%
Figure:12
INTERPRETATION 86
42% respondents feel that the time limit of the training programme was adequate but 35% feel that it was insufficient. Also, 13% could not comment on the question. All the respondents though felt that increase in time limit of the programmes would certainly be advantageous and the organization should take some steps in this direction.
13) The time limit of the training program, if increased would make it more effective. TABLE:13 Options
No. of Respondents
% of Responses
Strongly agree
23
45%
Moderately agree
10
20%
Can‟t Say
5
10%
Moderately Disagree
10
20%
Strongly Disagree
2
5%
Total
50
100%
87
moderately disagree 20%
strongly disagree 5% strongly agree 45%
can't say 10% moderately agree 20%
Figure:13
INTERPRETATION 65% respondents feel that the increase in the duration of the training programmes would be beneficial but 25% differ to this opinion. Going by the majority, the organization should make required changes to increase the duration of the programmes and also take the opinion of the workers to have an effective training session.
88
FINDINGS The major findings of the project are enumerated as follows: Training is considered as a positive step towards augmentation of the knowledge base by the respondents. The objectives of the training programmes were broadly known to the respondents prior to attending them. The training programmes were adequately designed to cater to the developmental needs of the respondents. Some of the respondents suggested that the time period of the training programmes were less and thus need to be increased. Some of the respondents also suggested that use of latest training methods will enhance the effectiveness of the training programmes. Some respondents believe that the training sessions could be made more exciting if the sessions had been more interactive and in line with the current practices in the market. The training aids used were helpful in improving the overall effectiveness of the training programmes. The training programmes were able to improve on-the-job efficiency. Some respondents also recommended that the number of training programmes be increased.
89
RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the data collected through the questionnaire and interactions with the Officers of HAL the following recommendations are made for consideration: The organization may utilize both subjective and objective approach for the training programmes. The organization may consider deputing each employee to attend at least one training programmes each year. The In-house training programmes will be beneficial to the organization as well as employees since it will help employees to attend their official work while undergoing the training. The organization can also arrange part time training programmes in the office premises for short durations, spanning over a few days, in order to avoid any interruption in the routine work. The organization can arrange the training programmes department wise in order to give focused attention towards the departmental.
90
BIBLIOGRAPHY Training in Practice
Blackwell
Human Resource Management
C.B.Gupta
Human Resource Management
T.N.Chabra
Organization official website
www.hal-india.com & www.globalsecurity.org Employee handbook Research methodology
91
QUESTIONNAIRE Dear Sir / Madam I am a student of Sri Ram Murti College of Engineering and Technology. I am doing my 3rd semester of MBA program. As part of my curriculum I have selected the subject “ Training and Development at Accessories Division” as my project work. Thus, I am submitting my questionnaire to your kind opinion. This questionnaire is only for the study purpose. Thanking you Yours Faithfully Usha verma
PERSONAL DATA ( OPTIONAL) NAME: DESIGNATION: QUALIFICATION: EXPERIENCE:
92
QUESTIONNAIRRE ON EXECUTIVE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN HAL, ACCESSORIES DIVISION
1) How many training programmes have you attended in last 5 years? 0-5 6-10 10-15 More than 15 2) The programme objectives were known to you before attending it.
3) The training programme was relevant to your developmental needs.
Can‟t Say
93
4) The period of training session was sufficient for the learning.
5) The training methods used during the training were effective for understanding the subject.
6) The training sessions were exciting and a good learning experience.
Say 94
7) The training aids used were effective in improving the overall effectiveness of the programme.
8) The training was effective in improving on- the- job efficiency.
9) In your opinion, the numbers of training programmes organized during the year were sufficient.
oderately agree 95
10) How many training programmes have you attended during the last year? Upto 2 3-5 6-8 More than 8 11) The training given is useful to you.
ay
12) The time limit of the training programme was sufficient
96
13) The time limit of the training programme, if increased would make it more effective.
97
