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TOY XPDTIANI>MOY

Nc pr,l,r]oer,xave[gyro, rouE ((c,\,roytrlvror6grou 1gr,otr,c,vr,opori>> rual,r,6reqcuvuyxrl bev utrlq1e.
crntivrpq oto egdltqpo trsQl rou otri,ou ttlg vinqg qg: vixqoe, 61r,yr,ati tpav ro povo6rx6, a)'ld yr,ati, rpcv to xoitritego pdoo yr,a vc cnoxttloel xcrvei,gtr;v nveupotmr; €l,Qrlvrlxor rrl otonlqi,a.Axqr,6togouttlv tq yv6pq oupl.rspi(etcu xcr, o ouyygagdag autorl tou 6otttpi,ou,6pog ewoei,rcr,- 61r, ener,6rlo i6r,ogtq 0eopel enr,Oupqttltog q Oeogeioolottl og egeuvqtrlg. 1grotr,ov6g,o)'l,c ener,6t1 H cva0e6gqorl rou lqtrlpcrtog negi,ttov crvTcytovtotdrv ei,vcu, dva an6 ro Jtto eni,xcrqaEnttparou XQronovr,opori enr,ot{pqgtou xaqori FoS,T onoio br,crrcr rrlE r,oroqr,xrlg 06ter,eni ni,.6ovyrc rq l,rioq tou nol6 tl.qg6otego ul.rx6 oe o16oqpe ngoqyoripevegeno16g.Or ntinugor,nou 6q60qlrov rov reiteutai,oza46 oe t6oo olpcrwr,z6 aql0p6, xa0tbg xol ril"l.cl ouyyevux>,orqv onoia aut6E ouvtl0r,oevcr nqoobiber,6va dl,l,o, xa06l.ou 0pqoxeutr,x6v6qpc. Ncr6 cruul q I6Erl ei,vst to 10

epcpav6gilvog nou dqqoe o eqprpr,op6gotrl ouveiSqoqtrcE. flcq' 6l"a autti q i'6[q cutrl 6e[1vel6u, o eqpqtr,op6grltcv rou Reitzenstein (Aer,gia, 1904). Ar,a6dlovrrigro cro0rivOqxo 6a0rirorq €uyvtrlpoorlvqnQoEro ou^yygcqdorou yro to ovocpeg6pevoul,lx6o a)l}"a xar, n)tnqq blagolvia poli rou yro ro ,rro ouorcorlxd, ngo6l.rlpcro rqg nqo6lreuoqE rro;LT\S oqpaolag rtov sQl^rrlrr]rdrv 66aozoirubv, elclri,ag tqg uneg6o),,lzr1E tou, 6nog pou qtivqxe, ar,yunropcrviaE. An' auml q 6r,agovi,anqo6xuee rcn q avdyxrl vo fio,pouor,rioco rqv e[6],(q xol rrlv ouoio rou eqprpr,oporioe poAqrl Jrou pou qcl,veral 6tl cvrcrruoxqivercnoro, releu- pe d]',]'.c]u6ym,va ygdqcrl tc[c 6e6op6\,orIE enr,orrgpqE to nop6v 6ox[pr,o.

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KEOAAAIO I

H APKAAIA _ O APKAAIKO> EPMH> _ O IIAN To 6p6puorou sQl.rrlrropori irg6aer,vc to crvo[qrrlooupe q orq 1toqa, onolcr xana r,ry op6qcwq paprugia rnE oQlcu,6tqtag rlrcv xol aotglbcl rou i6lou rou Egpq - orr]v Apxa\ta xcn puil,rcrcr a' exewrl rqv neqr,o1qqg 6nou 6glozercu,ro rrro gql"6 6ouvo rIE - orqv Kul,l,r1vq.'Ooor, rruxo\,, tcrfrberlowaE xlQoEtqv K6qr,v0o xor JrQogr1v A0rlvcr, vo nl.erloouv orov Koglv0r,ox6 x6l"no, aut6v ro 0aupaolo yol,o[r,o norcrp6 nou nepvder,percr[ri rtrlv nogal,l.r;l,rovopooepdv qg )repedg El.l,dbag ?tcrrrrlg fle),.onowrloou, ontrlo8rlnore ouporivrcll rqv Ku)"l,r1vrl,JTouT ytovooxtnaatq xogucprltqg rooo 6vrovc [e1ogi[el crn' 6].11 q v6rla $;tx,a qg yrigo g6o1g yro rov ralr6r,drrq, an6 r; (eor1 avonvorl qg enlqaveroErrlg 0dlcooog nou 6lcro1lfer to n].oio rou. H Ku].].rlvrleivo,ro cpgoug6grIE Aaxa6[cg xcn taur6lgovo ro orlpl6o].6tqg. Kol apcypcrr, exe[vq elSu],],r,cxr1 elxovcrrrqg Agxcrbi,oE,xlou 6ylve ncoiyvorrlorrlor FoE 1dpr1 orcl lowto\wa tou 18ou clrbvcr, xs06l,ou 6ev c,vrcnoxpivetol orrlv rlQoyp.o,rlx6'rqrcr. Ol aqlcrlol q yv6qr,[uv rog lcirgo ox]"qgr1,pe aaguretap6voug lerpdrveg,drp0ovougoe lrovrcr, pe 6ouvd axexaop"tvu culo Tru'n.va 6doq 6el"avl6rcirv,6nou 6glozouv xatocpriylo brdcpogcclygr,oOeqld,r6lcr[,rego, apxori8eg.)rlg te],euraieg q Aqxabla opeil,er,,tcrLx' 6vopd tqg (ono ro apxrog). Tu notdpra qg Aqxc6iog p6vo oro 6unx6 p6gogrqg 61ouv L3

xavovlxrl 14[o6oorrl Odlcooc, ev6 oro c,vcto].1x6 nou eletd[oupe rdrgc xcrcr].riyouv orrE eyxrigor,egogooep6g, p6oa cn6 ng onoieE axu1ouy c6qcrro, un6yer,o6q6po: eivor,or,l.ey6pevegxara660pegnou nqoxcl.orlocrvngol.qnrxo q66o orouE l,ccrolxoug rrlg XroQogxan xoLta rrlv oQ1or,6trpc xut x,ur,aroug ve6mgouglgovoug. Megr,xeggoQ6E, nqotorl e[,opovr,orclorqv xcrc660ga, o norcp6g Oqplmugyei l,iprveg. Mrn o,fi' crurdgelvcnq neglqqpq Xrupga]"ia ].ipvr; or4 qi(a qg Ku),,l,rgvqg. Ewoeitor, 6tt ot xur,or660peg Oear gorlvtov eioo8ol orov rQopsQ6l(sto K6o1^ro. H Xtupqc?'.ic0e
va 6tiroer,gu[utt1i'rloq o' aur6 ro nq66],qpcr,per6pepeoqv Konegdyq 6vcrogr,1r6ev tlrcv yer.ogyoi:p61g zor, tqv rcroglx{ enoyil toug neigolav 6tt, rg6qowau F,s ro guorrr6 npoi6v trov boorirv rouE - ro 6ei\av[6ra. 2r,rdg q ox,].qgrp16qa roug 6ev rucprrycyr, or ngtior,veg6ouvon),.ay#g,ov 6ev rpav yla 6ooxr1. Ol axenaapfveg pe 6rioq, XQrlol,U,onol,oriwav Apxdbeg,6oor,6ev (orioav a"n6ro zuvr;yl, rircrv 6ooxo[. H loq tov ioaxrhv pr rouE avollrorig 16qoug rrlE x,or rrlv anga[lo q6aer,ngog rqv ruolr1oq.Exei, otq 1r,ovr,op6vr1 noquqtp qg Ifu)'l,rlvrlg o ougav6g ayy[(er, fl y{, exet o q Oedlq, trlv onoic 0e6grou ougavodAiag yovr,ponoir;oe ol Aqxd6eg ononolorioov qrrlo5 <- Moic luog tou Aia xoll l,.lil1Malog 4tcv o Ku],i,,r1vrog EgprlS.An6 rov Egprl ngo6gxsrorro rd0e 6v, yl'aur6 xor rov kirpeucv orrlv Ifu)'i,"r]vqog o{p6o}"o tt1g 6qpr,ouqyr,x{g brivapqgtqg qtoqg. Xwlv ouolc tou o'Egprlg rlrov nav6e7r1gaqxcbrx6g 0e6g, 6ptog orr,g r,6riegnegi outod ro oqpcrwr,x6tego rptov oxgr,6cilgexeiva ro XoQo%rqgrol,xdnou xa0opiotrlxatt an6 tqv r,6r,6runr;xoOrlpeqr,vrlErorl rrov Agxtibrov. AxE6rirg yr' our6 o Eqprlg rlrav o 0e6g-ngootrirnEqE

"@ fioilpiv*lxffi o{(.-Tov;aaouAix(A;t enr,0upqr6 enr"axtm4ilo'v Oooxtov,?ou rou(QdQtEr, mtdiitro rroQoorQorqp6vongo6oro (Eppn; KAroWpoO...tfor 6LmS o' cuul rou rqv un6otoorl o EgprlEc,vrrtrlerdlnme xdruolou ^yeitoveg ei6ouEouvo,yovl,op6:or, oxol,ou0oriocv pe nol,ri trl lorgelc rou Kagvelou An6l.].rrwc, o onoiog rlE lrll,o 15

N6plog Ar6l,l,rovcrg rltov eni,oqg 0e6g tov 6oox6v. Ol Aqxd8eg 6pcog6ev orevolcogq0qxov:o 0e6g roug qtav .Kcn vd, yro, vo evrolrioouv qv nenoi0qorl crutrl or,aor,boltoug 6n].a,ocvrov tipvo ylo ro ndlg o Egprgg, ev6 rpav ox6pa 6969og,cnrlyaye pe enr,m1lcrcn6tov An6l.l.orva ol.6xl.rpo xondfu cyelcbrov. Me outtytqv ngd[ry ro zrigogtou Oeorl-ouvcryovr,orl xl,oviorqze na,wel"dlg:xcn 666anu,ov o Afi6l,l"orvcrg6ev xcrdcpeqevcr cpul,dfer,ro xoncbr, tou, rpcrv gr,riroxiv6uvovcl rou epnroreuroriv tc 6r,xdroug xoruti6r,c. M6)"lg r6gcr cvccp6g0rpaotoug oorborig.Kcu,nqdypcrtq unrlqlav r6touor otqv Aqxcrbia. To rqoyorifu eivor,o povcrbrx6gxcrgn6grrlE rvorsvtonnrlg loxqg.Ta pov6rova, pcrxg6ougrcrdopard rouE or AqxnbeE 1oaxoi rcr ouv66euov noi,(ovro,Ero ngox6yovo 6y1og6o6qyavo, pe l1eio ro xa1obxt tqg xoricpr,aglel.drvag (y6)rug).Eival crutov6qro 6n aur6 ro 6qyavo 6yr,ve669o rou [6rou rou Egpr1, :lr,otJ xo.r,' aut6v 'rov rp6no n|tuye xor or aurq rqv neqil[rooq va vuxr;oeltov An6],],rrlvo.'Oporg,swosircn 6tt nro oqplavtux6on6 to rcll[r,po oto 6y1oq6o6pycvo rpcv ro q t61vq rou vo rrQoi,br,oto neprcl6pevotou tgcryou6r,o6, ocqp6[owar, or, ].6[er,g]ror, ol, ox6rpeugotr1 pouorxr;, xal crurrl rqv r61vq ldgr,or orov ov0gorno o Eqprlg: yr' out6 xcrr,q t61vq r4g @pp.rlvetew)ntpe cn' cut6v ro 6vopd tqg, evrilo i6r,ogo 0e6gog btlgqulg xar ngoo'rdrrfE rou )"6younqge to tlprltrr6 eniOetoA6ytog. Aurl tltov q cpgovti8orou Egprl yro rouE l,drgelg rou "E1ro otq [orr1,rou naq6perve,6ptr:9,xat gr;a ro 0dvaro. pvqpoverloer, r16qrr,g puotqgr,cober.g xara660peEqg Aqxo6i,crgnou npoxolouocrv orouE ov0grilnougq ox6rpq yr,a tqv dpeo4 yelwlaoq rou x6otrlou trrlv oxlrbv. Yn6 qv enl8qcxoqaurlg qg yerwlcroqg6ywe xurt cvenavn]"qnro otr,g Oqqoxeiegrov el.l.qvr,xrivcpul,olv- unor60qxe otr o 16

Eqp"4gouvoberieltr,g pu16g xot orov I(dto K6opo ox[[owoE 6tol ro rroQotl6rooplofiou, yr,c 6]',ouEtouE ti?tl,oug Oeorigxor, toug cv0qtbnoug,1ogllet rov 6vcv n6opo crno rov ril"l,ov. O Eqptlg lotqeu6tov yt' out6 xil toEVulonopn6g. Kcrteile q 1guor1gd66o, nou crvayxa(e tr,g Quotoug oxotelvotig 6q6pouEexei, 169 vc tov crxoir,ouOoriv 6nou xqri6etcnq Xniya, exlt,6nou periyouv ta veqcrtr;g l[pvr1g.Nat, crurl eivcrtr; ncvi,olugq 9o66o9! Xtupcpcrl.i,crg Aprci v' ayyi,[er,pe auttl o Egpng tov f,r3nvto,xl cut6g 6u0[letcr, otov tnvo: ogzei v' uyyller, tov xotpoticrp6oorg p€vo ?a crut6g opdorr:glunvdeu flqcrypan, owcrg peoiqg perc[ri tcov 6uo x6opclv, x0,.rtyet'6]tq awrl tq puonxtl nou xp66etcn otcr 6yxcrto rrlE YrlE,or,t1vxatowia Sr3vaprq rou 0av "Eraq ],om6v, antxr,qoe o euvoiza onE obornoglegtoug. Eqpng dl,)'"qpr,crorlg,col,cog 0e6gaou nag6ler tqv aorpc-

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l"err oroug peyd)"oug6q6poug, orrg ol6oelg torv avOgo_ r[orovx,or per,inema rtol Tcr)vxporclv trrera[ri roug. H XQUoq qd66ogrou 6yrveoripr.6o)lo rrov rcfr,6lcirvxor rou epnoqlou xcr xqtirrloe pd1qr,orlpepoawq 14 oqpooic. OpoX tr, (orp (oriocv auro[ or Aqx
;roug fen6gaor orlv r61vq va xL66er"rcor vo 6ivel rperiuzoug 6qxouE, roug onoloug rou ouyxoQodoeo EQptlEo, bilcrbrl tou 66rooepro yl,o nayra qv ti6er,cvcr expetatri'.erieraryw t,,o;x6ro 6vopti rou oroug 6gnoug.Mroporipe govo va uno06rouye'tt blqyrpoergxuxl,ogoporioovyt ' ourov xcrryr(xrrE crnarerrlv#gtou. H nogtibooq ptig 6r,6oore provo6va ilvog nou 6e[1ver,6tr, aur6g rpcv rtorgr.)ruoud1[eoe 6r,agogc fcila zcr, zcrt' 0ut6v Q€ vo lrsrqroqcprrlvetcu, rov rg6no nopel1ep(potc orov nat6pa tqg: petctg6mrcr o€ crl"oyo,o ncr6gag qv noul"tiel zal cutrl enlorp6qel :riotrl orrlv c},qOr,vr; FoAqq rr;g. Mr,o eoQd q Mrlorqa aoui.rlOqxeorov Aur6luxo, o onoiog, ewoeircu,, 6yi1xe nto ;rovqg6gan6 tov y6go, ol,l,d xor rov 6xave,oE owopot64, ne0ep6tou. O al"),ognQraE, euvooripevogtou Egptp,eivar o no),uprllcvog O6uoo6c6...Al,l,d our6g r;rav o 6aor,l,ragqg I0dxqE, 0cr)'.crooon6qog, nog0qrrlg tqg Tgoiog - rr, pnogei, vcrJmrxcveig! Mdl.lora, 6rol rlrav rot oro 6nog rou OplrlQou, o onoiog - ioog riotegc an6 pegr,x6gpetopoqcpcloeLg- 661tqxe vo eleuyevi,oelrqv el%6vo,aworl rou Jroi.rot Apx>, yr,' cur6 q pqrdgo rou, rl Avtixl,era, l,6yercl

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T xoQI rou Aur6l.uxou,yr' cut6 xol, qxatalaatlrou orov I(ino K6opo, oriprgcrrva pr rov Atolrll,o, 6l,c6eldrgo orrlv rccra660qaqg Xtuprcpol"icgl.[pvqg.flgo no].],orir16q61oupe crgvqOe[rqv rlpvou ngoE nprl tou, lroplg vo rou

Lelnel ro lr,oripog, 6l,uoero nq66?,,qpti.uou:nol.6 XoQrrop6vo ncrgouor,d[erro q66o rqg xcqp6vrlg ],e1origpe to nou e[6e ro rgoyon66cgo xor xegcoq6go pog6 qE. Tpdxrqrll aE guyrl yr,ova yl.ltcboel,ai,.l,tio EqpriS6ev e[en],d_ yq, ril',r,[e to 6g6qog oe 66ppcr]"ayori xatlextvrpe yr,o rov Ol,upno yr,o vo por,g
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rf €tul^r,oi\oyioautrl eivcr, u,noruxqp6v1 (yev. rur. IIav6E olyougcr6ev pnogei va 61el rinora xorv6 pe rrlv y€v. ,rr. navrdg), autq dylvenol,ri Oqpogr,l.r1g, 6po6, or nro sQ€uv1_ tr,zol crr6yovor,6ev qoav nl,6ov wcvonor,4p6vor, pe rqv ogslq eEnylorf rou Opqgi6q-gorpco6ori. O 0e6g rtr.y loaxrhy xut tov xono6lov, o 0e6gqg aygr,ogg6oqg 06l.el,croga)l6g, pr,o 6o0ritego vor;1,tcrr,xr1, p,ta nav$eiixrleqpqvelo.Aut6v rigllocrv va 6),dnouvag mivileo, oE ovrrlQoodrneuor;qg g6oqg oro orivol,6TIE.QE anot6i,,eopao,urt6vtov avc(q_ trloecovbqplougyrlOqxer10qrqv eno1r1rlE ndl.qg rou XQr_ orlcvloporl pe rnv er,6ol.ol,crgla o aaolyvooroE Oqri]"og yro ((ro 0tivcro tou Meydl.ou fftivc>>.A).ld xcr, o 0gr,crp_ 6euolv lgr,ormrvlop6E6ev ncg66oroe otq i,,rp.povujr_rov,.cu6ulloLargro >: nror6g otqv rdoq rou vo l,rrrd,rqdnel rg vr,xrlp6ve!6e6rqregoe 6ai[6vr,o cvrgyoydiai io (ro6pogqo fldva oe avetpa rou ox6rouE rcn rou .tru4oi). Or oglor6tegeg elx6veg rou bla66l,ou ovopg[6o],a.rr]r1or,ti(ouvto tgcyon66cgo xegoocp6qoliqog, orrl 06c rou. onolou q i6r,c rou rl prqtdga dquye rg6lovtoE on6 tqv xltlvq qg y6wag. Autry rpcv 11noq
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KEOAAAIO II

H APKAAIKH E>XATOAO|IA OI (IIPO>EAHNOI> APKAAE> (H KO>MO|ONIA TOY >TPA>BOYP|OY) Blaoulxcrpe, 6pog, vcr nape pnpoot
oq gul,rl nou 6r;;loriq,yqoecw6v to plri0o.X' cu.r6 pag nei0el ax6pc nm ao)'t to i6r,o enerc66r.o:rr1gxcrrct6utor,6 rou Obuoo6o orov OpqQo:q 6l^lelr1r1tr;g cntnl,oylcg fllt oro, fil.clora rrlg exwt;6 btrlyrlorlE ncpctqqrlglxe 46q apo nol.l.ori crn6 roug egeuvrp6E fll0cv6v crwrl q xorr;ir.Aait1 vo 6nqqq0qze (owovq oq l"crlxrpowei6qor;, on o oor_ 56g 6ev 0ecbgqoebuvat6v vo rqv c9arp6oeu Elvar, a]"r1Oercr, 6pog, 6rl o OpqproEperaqdger,rqv xano;flaarl rou O6uoo6a n6go cn6 tov flxeav6, orq lrirga talv Kl,ppeqi,orvnou bev 61,€rrouvro galE rou r1irr,ou,cl,i. Kard trl1q o Apr,otogdvqgptig 6orrroe6vo oriyo ano pla lbqo6ia: <.2<. An, auq tr;v rqoyo6la Ocrpnogorioopr€vo p
ro l,oyo l,unoripe0c ax6pu neEoo6rego nou 6ev pcg orir_ Or;xe.IIag' 6l"o nou. xcr, o ,OpqgoEpoE l.6er l,enro-1reg6_ arar,a yld rrlv xatafiaoq rou O6uooda, a],].d 6ev r;v rono0erei oqv Aqxc6[o, 0c r;rav oqxetd qr,rpoxiv8uvo vo ouolerlooutrr,e qv cgqyqor; rou [r€ rouE Aqxd6eg.fldwrog, orrictiExo;Lvo, e(,vcr, to yeyov6E 6rl unrlgle q ogxcrbr,xrg eolorol.oyia pdl,l,ov 6ev pruogs[vo ro ol,rgro1rpilaet xa_ ve[9. H 6erirep4 crntiwr;or1ng6ner,vc agogri rnv x,ooptoyo_ vts.'Evav uncu,vlyp6yl, curqv 6gioxoupentih otov rrQoo_ vogeg0dwc odlo rou Ar,o1ril,ou,oripgrovcrpe rov onolo rgy _E-ga4*ro,lyqvaA1l roug. Aurrl 4 3l*T6:r.l,dtgeuor oogcoro,cpavqy"s neqi,egyqorov aplcio olol,raotri, o ong{og e[qyei rrp rincgfiq "tli lru tnv ngoarovi" l,o"qricr ior Eapri orqv Kul.l.tlv1 rnE Aqxcbicg. Aev e[var ra06],.ou orro*i_ rrlro vd ro e[qyoripe,evrilno],ri nr,oolyougo0o rlnor, f,iqig vo eqeuvoripet6 clrieE, vo egpr;veriooulrc ro rexpr;qm tou Ar,olril"ouxugr,ol,exu,xtipol.ov6u,e[val no],rj,ruqiuqyo. Ko, ngdypotr elvar,neglegyo,apod [dgoupe 6u, oe onorovbq_ nore r6no roug Oeor3g toug 0ertgorioavyevdgleg rov 6ld_ oqpov orxoyevel6v, cl,l,d ro JrsQtord,rlx6pro ol,6xl,qqr; gul,rp, 6nrog orrlv JrQox€r,pdvq neglnrcoorl, vc Oeo:geiro 0e6 yevtiqlq rqg cnotel,ei iorog 6vc pova6r,x6pclrv6pevo. Xuvrl0o4 or xor,vol 0vqtoi ngo6glovtal dpeoa <. Agaye q egtrlr1rr,zrg xoopoyovic 6r,ocp6ger cn6 trlv novel"Irpvlofi ano ug ril,l,egel,l.qvrx6grcu[aparov ols ,rQoE to yeyov6g 6u, o Eqpqg qrav yev
veg nelgo[cv rouE Aqzdbeg [r€ rqv rugoorovupic.Ildl,r, 6nog 6l,6ruero avcryvcborqg, o olol.notnE paE ngoo.rgdlel or (pro r,oroqi,a>. Aqaye, prlnoE eivol enltgenr6 vc uno0dooupe6tl v,al arLE6rio neqmrtooer,gaur6g e[1eun6rirq rou tqv i6lcr >,nou 6ev rlrov dl,l"o nogd ro clqloio cpxo6lx6 noopoyovlx66nog;'Ono6 xor vo,el,vaq6ev undp6rq oripcpcovo ps rrlv agxcrblzrl dno{.q trlg 1el otrrcpr,6oi,.ia xoopoyovlag,ol nq6yovor rov Aqxdbov [orioov r16qezeivov rov nor,go,6tov 6ev un4g1e cx6po orite ro geyydgr,, orire ([oog) o r1]"r,og. Xtoug un6i,.omouE'E],].qveg q 6o[croi,c cutrl gdvqxe ncrqdl,oyrl,xo0rirg,orlppova pe tr,g ol,l,eg xoopoyovi,eg,ng6ra Oqpr,ougyrl0qxe o x6opog l.rr rrl yrf, Tov ougcrv6x,(xLT,' dotqa nou xoopotv tov ougcrv6, x,at per,a tr;v 6rorpq r16qor,xia rou xaroixrloe o : crpoQp4rou 6r10evpneq66potogotdOqxe ei,rer; ovopaoi,a tqg ogxcrbr,xnE qulnE rolv <<)el.qvutrilv>>, ei.rero 6vopa rou ncl"rcri 6oor,l,ldrbuE flgooel"rlvou,eite to yeyov6E6n vixnaay xtinorcug el0gorig rouE ,rQrvan6 rrlv cvorol,rl rou geyycrgr,ori: Aev undlpler,cvuyxq vcr br,crrf-reu8oupe aurd ro, telvtiopcro,, q porcr6rrlro ralv onololv elvol o]"ogdveqq: np6opora 6q60qxepr,c ),oprgr16vbef4 nou enr6e6ard)ver qv og0oqtcr tqg xupr,o),txttxilgegprlveicg.Avripeoaotoug ncrnugougnou cy6gcos orrlv Aiyunto xol 6gepr o'ro )rpao6oriqyoo Reitzenstein 6g60rye 6va sn6oncopcr rTE xoopoyovicrE,ro onoio o ernorr;povoEbqpooieuoeoro cpu)"ld6rc (Xtqao6orlpyo, 1901). Ilagcrxctto nogcr06rotrq perdlcpgaoqqE oq-

pertirvowag pe nldyr,c ygdppcrc ng 1,6[er,gnou avoyzriar,\xa vcr oupnl.rlg6orl e[oltloE rrlE xcttioraoqg rou nu:rrlgou. To on6oruaopd plaE oqli[er pe to ntilg o A[ag y6wqoe rov Egpq. xan roi 6gwe 6vo peg[6r,oqg aro],tpopgr;gbrivapqg rou. Ercivog o 6),cor6E sivct o EQpnE,o ap6yov6g pou. I(cr, pc)'rctc rcv 66ro[,e vc dqploupyrporrrov nav6poqqo zoopo. Tori 65orce xor rrl lguor; pd66o, nou enr,6. 'Erat" eine xcr ayyfe pe q lguo{ p
27

25. QE rgdno rov oorQogreg6 cr06ga, u7 1aupuiow xatowia tou gat66 Me rov elcvayxcop6 vc neEorgrigetan uxarunworo p6oc orov crvei,ntoroorg66f,.o, Xtgoyyril"erpe rov oupcv6 nou K6opqoe pe entd lrilveg, otug onoieg ortiOr;xav ent
vn, H par,v6pevr;zal a1c?,"ivcou;nou 66a)"e avapeoa ora lto 1ttod,rou x6opou Eooxeqr,x6 x6)'.tr,onou aa6 q 66oq p6yE, ra n,para rrlg avatoAqg Ail'dt9nxe xal ldqc[e n],cru,6goxgoym].r,6g. Ta vegd noi,.unl,cvtirpevov xuprirrrrv 40. Nayl9\xav yriqor cn6 qv yr1-o6el.qt1, Evdl or, 6rio i6l,ol ogilyouv tov d[ova.

Aev urrpgle cx6pc o xrir)log tou'Hl"lou, orire H )el,qvq d,vole rc qvia trov 6o6riv erou o6pvouv ta n6_ 6uc,roug, 'Egee p6vo r; vrl1ra axaranaua:'o, XtoQiSrlp6Qo, A
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28

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All,d 61r p6vog, cqori 6[n],c rou iltuv xan o xq],6( rou yroS, o A6yoE, I(ooprlp6vog preeuxlvrpeE pregodyeg, rrdwo alq0rlg, Me trlv ayvri ruer,0ol orc 1eil,q nou 6ev l,eve rp6parc, Iogy6E ay.Tel,uoq6qog rou zaOcrqorivoqporog tou ocr6gc TOU.

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rou xare6u,wer ortl Yq o EQprlE' o pu1ptorrlg rcu otjpravroE, Ma(i rcu ntpvd,et ,rt yq xoltalovras rqv npooeyuxti, llrt lra va 6geut6no 6nou 0c ltioer, rqv r6i,q lepdq dg1ova 66pa, q owoia peta qv [6guo1 rqg 0a e[vat uwti[,ta 6e7wi to avilpdtntvo y6vog ar,a ),"otr^rngd retxq rnE _Na 15.A ld 6ev xarryjiluve r7v nopeia cou o Epprlg,rQoE u,S iroleg6g AgztouE Vdyvowag q por,gaia yq, cpori exei _to rtEeSe_ Bc0riE arigaE rul.iyer. rn p€ ro 6ap6 ox|naopd uru, W Be6cgqp6vog pe 1l6vla, an6 06d,Ieg, Trunqp)vog 'Hlepe 6n rc x6pa exei eiyat dyovo, oxenaopevo p€ ltaTepq naprl 20. Ifur, avixavo va rp1qet to avOgdlnlvo y6vog.Orire npog v6rc I(arry)9uve rqv nopeia r:u, orrE orprol,np*uE dxpeE qg vqE Vriyvovrag yw otpato t6no, aqo6 rfiepe 6rt owgqplvo an6 ra vepd Aev yewdet oirc ra y6gta, o6rc ra (aa rc Ttbpa rou, flgoppd oiwega 6ev oulqouv exei ra a6ew ttpq, ^ _ 9n 25.'On nava q.no rcug 6"ptoug tav 6pti7av, wiva an6 16 lrlpig d7tpouE aoci).eu.rog Ail.civerat o xaurog utpoE fiou 6ev yvcopl(er,6pooeg6 ioxr"o.
29

an' auulg 6ev eivat mavrl va 6e70ei' rc y6voE notruripuOpltovovOgcilnorv, 2q p6oq 6pag undpyet tva vqai nou ubpa to oxinaoav

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ta 6ouvq IIou, aEot 0' nvoi.louv, 0a 6e740otvn6)'elg zor. X$JQLrr@v 9vqtdtv, @a 6ey0orjv t4dLrLE (ao66rpeg poiE ruv noral.tdv nou e[van nat6m tou {2xewoi>>. Awd ra 6ouvd 'ra yiprce ou6 wip,geg,nou elouowlouv rtg 6oaxig, 35.Kat, pew ayy$e ro xrlo ttryA6an' aurd p,e rqv pd65o rou. An6 rc qapdyyt, Eenrl\qle o Aa6owaE. Tqv xapnoq6pa Ati rou a1't6oag 11 ApxaSia Trlv 4uputpeora oil"dyva rnE, rrd,Lptera, 6rav r1p0e11ripa, XdEoe orov x6oy.rorqv navtpopqn x6en rTg, rrl Mqvq.

fra q oqpaoic crutrpg tqg xoopoyoviog 0c arrl l.[yo cgy6repo, evtil rtbqn anl.rilg ncrga06tol touE otiloug pe roug onoioug ag1[[er, to beritego puo6 tou cnoondopatog. , 6tcrv bqpr,ougyq0qxe to cv0pdlnwo y6vog. Agaye outo to ydvog rlrcrv nqdypotr, < not rrlv cqlai,a eqcoveia aq6nel vo rIV egpqverioup,exugloitexttza; 'uqv T[ vc noripe, 6pog, yr,c 6]'q rqv ]toopoyovlc, trre onoia pcrEyvcoqi(et ro ttvocpcQ6pevoon6ofioopo xcrt trlv onoia 0o anoxolotpe, efcrr,ti,crgrrlE dvovuplcrg tou nolq-

'Eloupe ebdr xn xrl;, ag l{ootrtoyovtarou 2qao6o6pyo4 ngoypatrxa rrlv agloicr xoopoyovio tou opxcrbtzoriegpqtqv onola cvoq6gel o r,otogio>>, noporl, rr;v lblcr
30

a:roonc,opopcg negr,61er, p6ocrrqg tror rq 6l6aoxal,[o yr,c ta o,orleia xol rTV oorgoloyio xaL rny dnorf4 ylcr ro Aoyo, rilore 6ev sivcrl rurc nal,xi an6 tov otror,xr,op6, nou yra rlqdtq goqd 6vtrloep6ocrrou autd, ra otolleic, 6r1la6116ev sivcrunro nsl,r,d crn6 rov 3ov n.X. crilva. ,E1eq oporE,org 1aaqvy rqv aqlaio agxc8r,xrlaotgol.oyi,a,cn6 n1v onoia, n1ge xor r4v r,66atou Egpq rou oQyo,vtrlrr; rou xoopou,r4g 8qploupyioErou cv0goruoungotori yewq0or3v ra peydl,a tiotpcr, rrlg Aqzcr8[cgc,:g],[zvou rrlg av0goln6_ rrlroE. H oqpcroic tr;g ouvi,otarclroro 6tt, pag nc,qouoxi_ ier tqv eqpqrr,xrl0gqoxeia rc poQp46otar nro nepi,nl"oxr;, elel.r,yp6vqe[cr.tiog tr;g evocrlprirooqEp6oa tqg percryev6oreQcuvgr,l,oooqlxrilv cn6gacrlv, al"lr.c e[e].r,yp6vqorrlv xcrOcrgdel,l,ryr,ltr16doq 1a4ig zcplia crvcpefq f6vow xor, ouyxexgqrevo, clyul[Tto%orvorollelalv. An' cutr; tr;v cino_ rpr;,crurrl eivor,o ouv6etlx,6gxgixog crvdpeoootov crplaio crgxcr6rx6rLaLaro percyev6oreqoel,l,r1vo-cnyunrnx6eg_ pr;notrr.6xol p
KEOAAAIO III

H EEEAIEH TOY APKAAIKOY EPMHTDMOY O EPMH: >TO EAAHNIKO IIAN@EO O VYXOIIOMIIO> EPMH> Ksrd nol6v tg6no 6g60qxeo EqprlSo, cur6v rov efar_ agxc6lx6 lrrrqo gaiveror rv p6gel un, aura nou 46q ncgaqgrgocrps xrQolyoup6vrog(xeg. I). Or, goqelg ourrgg qg l.orgeiag xarayovtat an6 rqv Aqzcr8io, uu, ,l g",i,_ lera ourqE rqg logag rc$g uvayxoor vo unr;prerouvpr,_ o0o969or,o' or, 0eo[ tov ori],vouv orTlv Kciurpo vd rTE Sra6l6rioelrr;v an6gcorl touE yro, roy O6uoo6a.Mrlnori elvar elixo],o v' cvoyvcogiou xaveigo, cu.r6 ro ner,eoqlr;l pdvo 6qycvo qg Odl,qo4grrov dl,l"ov rov Egprl rrlE oQXo_ 6r,xr1Exootrroyovicg,rov oQycvorrl tou xoopou xaL r,o 6qg,r,ougy6 rou ov0gronr,vou y6voug;E[dl],],ou,âat an, uu"ri1 tqv tinorlrq untipler, 6r,acpopripera[ri trrrv 66o opqgr,x6v '6rr, u|^rll xoOorg61el ri6q. nagarr;q10ei ngo nol.l.orl r1 oro rrro nal,rd pr6gqrrlE'6ev yvrDqiter rov Eqpq, oyyel.r,ocpogoE rrrlv Oecivo, ourd-epqoviEe"ar, .19?t g! 'Iprba. n M6vo q rrlv uwmv;rlorlo€ lrs rov Eppq. 32

Aur6 elvcn zota,vorp6: agori eibcpe 6tr o nQotaEaurod tou 6noug rpav nal,r,6gAaxdg tlQcoaE,Ocrxcrro},d6oupe erizol,o 6n 'rov oxol,orlOqoeral o 0e6g-ngoorritqEtou. Enop6vrogo EgpTlSxoOlegrbveraloro el,l,r;vmo nay0eo, 0c l"6ycpe, prugooiri otc pdrlc pcg. 'Eorol ^.taLw 6ywe ayewxri peroyev6otegog6nql,uEorov 'Ol,upno, 6ev 6ylve yl' aur6 to l,6yo orlre l,r,y6reqoyvoot6E, orire l,r,y6rrQo dyon1t6g. H l,crtge[o rou 6r,o660qxeeug6rogorrp El"l"dba, 6nou oe xdOe neqlo1r1rov nporiocv pr yr,oqr6g xcl oyrrrveg.Afi6 toug Aqzd6rg, rrou drpclvov yrd pro xcl,rlrepq poigc, or,dl,l"or,o6om6gol dpcOcvvc ngooedlo\rror o€ cur6v yro vo rouE rlQoorclTerier oroug clpafio:rorig 'O\toE Sg6pougug (i1 Ev6\tog) EgF,rlS.Or, otogol ano ntrQsEfiou trrd[eucveuoe6eigobor,n6golcn66ellvcrvcrur; tr;v nl,euqd rqg brivcprggrou. 216 nto exnohm,o;,r6veg rr€Qro169 crur6 ro ngor6yovo awlxeipevo LcrpelcrEovrnroro,ara9rlxe nu\t ano l"lOlvegoq0oy. Or, ayyeLr,ocp6gol xol or,zrlquxeEOerrlgoriocvguolx6 toug ngoorrirq exelvov,otov onoio o lblog o 6cor,].rdgrolv 0e6v epnroreu6rcv u,g an6xqugeg ewol,6grou yt,o,vo, rrE lisroq6qer.6ruou6nqenexal nouOevtiol"l,orl.Xtqv aqoxer,p6vq neql,nraaq o 0e6g :,.lr1g novrpmE, o 0e6g rou eeddouEzcr lnlg xLoxilg perargen6rav oe gril,crxa tqg ni,orrlg xoll rrlE ol,rlOer,cg nou oxl.rlgd npolgei 6ooug zatc,lgriomlxcv rrlv

epnr,oroorivlrou. Qg ngog r' ril,l,a, 6p05, eivcl o 0e6grqg enr,6efr,6rqtogoopau,xrlg xcr, voqtr,xrlE.|Lc ro l,6yo aur6 torl oq#gcrtvo,vnal.ai,otgeg,6nou ol v6or pd0orvov qv na)rq xat rlv nuypoxicL xaodrg x.sl y, oyowifowol na,l ora 6fo c0l,r1porc.Tov Eqprl euloyoriocrvxor yto to 6dlpo tou l"6you: efdl,l,ou, cn' c,ut6v eiuyavaqylttri or, oyyel,n_ q6qor, xcn or, 6pruogor,negloo6regq cvdyxq c,n' 6rl ol nal,cnordgxcrup6vo pe ro ru6gooporou 1g6vou q el.l,qvr,_ rrp veol.cria6pa0e vcr a!rcnor,ei rt1 6or10en nou r;g ng6opsQsor1v exna[6euor;xaL rlg pet6nel.uobgaorqgr,6qteg o A6yrog EqprlE. Kar, 6po5, an6 q quor; rou aur6 ro ororlei,o ei,vcnnqcoroglr,z6:vd yr.cd orlE Ouoieg 6xo6a,,, tlg yi,,rrlooeE tclv oupcirrov yr0 v0 u,g npoocp6qouvorov Eqptr. Meyd),q enop6vtogrltov q oqpcroicrtou Egp4 orq [cor1 tnv cv0gcbnr.tlv. H l"ctqei,a.rou qr,[trl0rye6or0w a'6]"q rqv E),l,dba, ra xgdtr; rr;g onoicg rov 66cr(ovoe l.r,y6rego11 neqroo6regoorev6g aytaetgpe rouE zugiaqloug 0eo6gxol 0e6Eroug. flowori r;rcrv o nlo 6pnlotog 6o11069 xol cryy€l"roq6gog rou Aicr, rov onol,ov xul ouv66eueo, 6],a tc rc[i6r,o rou. Nd yr,cd ax6pa xcrl rrlv tnoyil tov anoor6l.o:v o xoopog orqv Ariorpa ,14, I2)..H.uav Xny6Ercfr A6you.>> o xol,riregogpil,og xar, orivtqoqoE rou opond.rqr,ouobel,_ qof tou An6l"l,ovo, xcrr evdr 6l.6noupe6ru or, riv0pconor, po66wouocrv xar, l,drgeuov fito nol.rl rov An6l,l,arva,rov Eqtrrr'1 tov aycrnorloavell,lxqlvd osv 6lz6 toug. E!dl.l,ou, c,uroi or 611orpav o1e66vouvopr;l,lzol,evtil nol,6 nuo v6og 0o qrov 6vcrgti)"l,ogabel,cp6gtou Epprl, o Ar6vuooE,tov onoio ruegmorcltar xaL roy br,ooze6d[elpr,edvcr r,aapnl oraqrll,r,:o cvcyv6otqg Outrrtitalovopcpl6ol.a.ro naoiyvrrloro
ev6g0eou ; H ouwnop[q rrov ],orper,cilv ftq onp'Eiri.crba eile cr:gcrno'u6l.eopc ouvrp0o4 ro'rE zru ouv tourorg otc 6grcrev6gxgtitoug 6er'7rvotav, enelbrl audg q o16oqe[egpa"Eroq l,our6v, 6l,6ruoupeor prcl Nmrqrr ".auo roug. u* F,qrrqoe 6eop6 p€ rylv Acpgobiq, otqv di'.1.4pe ipm,pr- rrrqv tglq ps rrlv x6gq rqg tqv flegoecp6vq, prt rqv Exanq, oe nol,l,6g pe x> Tmn-nrr,c: rou. E6poutrre an6 u,g 8ofiooieg rolv Agxd16q frn* :rrrimov Egprl rpov nqoolr6g o I(itrrl K6opog. E6dl 'iiiE;,.:r;:nr€ 11eiouolcrtcov Oi,,upr,nr,cov oecbv:orke o qorelv6g .rys,--rij"6i!o!, oure o lcrgorlpevogAr,ovuooga 6ev enrozdntowar, rro !r.r.:t,p.a nebi,ctorv ne0crp6vow. Orlre o [6r,ogo AicE :le-,Ef,€llrr€r oro 6aoi],elo, nou 660qxe yua ncivro orov nctl"qo rou rov Abq. |Lc pcrgaut6g o 6r,1oop6gtrlg 0eiag :!r',nu; eivat pla [evr,xr1xcr, neqiegyq 6o[ooic xcrr eivcr, vcrrrl ouvq0iooupe,6plo5yr,o6vcrvoqlcrio'El,l,q:r-rtrlJf,i.o 'r 'rurll rpuv ouvq0r,op6vr1 rol guor,xr1,ev6 no)lrl nro ,.lg:{er1 roug gatvorcv q Oq4oxeurr,xr1 avd,l,r1rl46n, 6vog u,u urovog0e6g xugtuglei elioou xar, e6rb xar, exei,.Nd ',,i.,-trrr o Apxoblzog EQplng,ncp6n nou 6ylve 6ext6g oto u",n"o eil.qvrxo ndvOeo, ngoo6l,cr6et4v efoqetr,xrl 06o11 35

tou peoofowa perc[{r rov 6rio x6oprov - rov lrrwrcrvdw 'Etol ltor rcov ne0crp6vrrrv. rov yvrrlpl(er,rl6q tl te].eurola gaQto6[otqg : Qot6oo tr,grfq6g tov a6ggcvtovpvqot{lprovo xu},i,,{vlog EpptS ofi' ro nulorl egdrvo[e,rcrr ro qa66i rou etgdrel oto 16gr,cro 1puo6,ro ncryxc).o,Jrourtov 0vqtrirvtc pdtr,c yqter3el,oe 6oouE06l.er.x),er,6vroE rq, ru a)tiloug[,unvcian' tov urtvo. M' uur6 16 ),"ril,qoe, xr"axol,ori0q[,cv toupi[,ovrcgereiveg. Ol vulregibegnrig oe c"n6qavrq,6a0rli onqh,d nercbvrag totgilouv 6tav ouvc1"i,"{},.trrg roug os Fl,ocppcr0lorpotl6vtc,v 6),egpoli or' ro 6qa1orr. 6tu1eva nrioetq pri toug: 6por,cror,qi(ovragxani:6atvov1i,rout6g: pngoord rpcr6orloe o novqq6gEQpnS,vo qrdoouveoug porl1l,rg orpcreg xatol. (, S), 1-10, pet
xat 6pelvecrut6gylc 6l,o ro 6uiotr;pcr tqg ritcgEqErng el"l"qvlxqg0q4oneiag.nO EqpqErov nrlge> - ril,eyov yro rov riv0go:no,Jlou 6pr1xeo Otivorog.l(ana no,,aa nl0av6rqtcr rov qawtilovrcv vc neqvd,erslro an,.:,;u ae oni,tr, rrrrv crv0qdln.)toug yvcoo'r6, 6nlul,g eivcl, rov Egprl avrr,xct6otrloe lglotr,crvorig, p6l.o o' our6 to .Tr,vognqnypcrroE elval aur6g o
r6nouE nou qrav pdqrugeg rqE Lo1E rqE; ,H, enlr6louE, enedrl qv nqoorrireue ornv nogela rqE ,rQoEr,tg ou,6g ytrl \r1v unegdonu(ean6 roug xlvOrivoug, ps rouE oroioug trlv cneilorloov rd, tdgora rou Kdrco K6opou;...No efir_ o4privcl e66 6u, rqv cl,eutaio ovril.ryl4 q 6gloxoupe orrlv oryurlrr,oxr;0gqoxelc, 6nou orov Eqptl o,vrr,ototlei o Oor nou an6 nol.ri vroqig raudorqze pc[i rou, un
H lq rpcv nrlyf xat 04oclugoqul,axtoxa9e yvriroqg:n r|uXll nou xan66arvsorrlyq l"ap6cvetq yvorotl \qSrLaLpnoporior, o,vrrlE ro en6Tqenov, vo rT lrolQooreipe roug (rowcvoug.An6 ebdl nqo6glsror I tel.etrl rrlE vrlrQopovrelcg6va on6 ro rrro tgopeqd ei6q t4g payelag - xar crn6 eb6 e[qyei,tor,x,aL '\ oqpr,aoiorou Egprl trtg xup[oq1ou rTE pcyeicrg.H oqg,croioauq r;tov nol.ri peytil,q xor rqv srro1q tou Ar,o1rll.ou0a ngdnel vo, aulcv6tov 6l,o xcn rrrQroo6rego [r€ r1v 6l.o zal peyc].rkegq ouyx6vtgrooq orrlv El,l,, 6no:g to a,noxal"ei,o i6r,oEo Ar,o1ril,og. Kor ro lguoricpr,ei,vol,- onog pe 6l.ougroug rq6noug tgoyou8riel 11Morloc qg xor,vrlgooqicrg- q xol,ondqoorl,ro lguodcpr, eivcr,q qSovr;,ro lguodgr, elvcnq efouo[u,...tpr,0uq[(elplc buooicrrvqgtovl un6 ra oxotelvcr 6d0q rrlg l,c'ixrlg ouvei6r;oqg.Ai,vovtcrgro brrrpcl rouE,'ro, 106vla nveug,crtcnnigvouv ota 16gr,crrouE Tov dv0qono: 6ool to oyyi[ouv nagcbi8ouv rov ecrut6 roug otqv efouo[o,roug. O Eqptlg ldEoe ro 1quo6p,a],],oxqr,6 oro 6aor,l"ldfl6l,ona xat an6 uewrl tq orryp,rlq xctapa 6ev 6ncnfe vc xg6perol ntivro oro y6vog ro:v flel,onr,6cbv, rgc6cbvtcg ruq6opc orov tccpo ,ior rov Atq6a xaL roy @u6orr1xor rov Aryap6pvovaxor rov Aiyr,o0odlonou rlv [en].rgqooeo Og6orqg.O [6r,ogo EqFrlElcgr,oe d],],o 6vav 38

cii.d roiri nro yvtoot6 oto @g(,lotrlE Bor,on pnropa),io 66qcg tou 6ylve por,gai,ot{trt Ylo Ar1rq pe 6Iq trlv otzoy6v€torou ltot YtG,rov r1Mr1ber,ctrou ro ntlqe oqv natoltl ulg i Imru tog erurqootbfiqol rqg xatriqag otov el)'r1hrc qcgvowcrE6l,e0qo o' 6ooug tiyyr,[e.Ano tov rYlEAepoF.qra rporal€rclt xot to eyr,oi.ou tou rol,tttop6vou tt6opou.'Optrlg,nag' rdf,i(L o :rerpcop6g rpav nol,ri 6uvot6g xclr, o Egptlg m4rryIoE rov petoll,tov 6yr,ve66xtqg noll.rilv rrQootuoriczalog nol.l.tirv payerdlv.Tr,6nqenevo xdvouv ah'm '{'nqfui rm p6oa oto cpttol6 petdi,"i,,eupcl to enr,oupr1fip p,ero an' q egtirrqoq xut tpav ngcbtrl d rmlwq! Auul Joorry6rr' td1vq. Aut6, 6ptlg, 6ywe m*r ugpteQcr ?tot l.6yog yr,c aut6 0c ylvet ncqaxtitco.

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l.uoq ol,l,a prrlacoE e[,vor,gltlnxlvbuvo vc uno06oouperqv unceEqplcg 16oo 6a0l; Kc06l,ou. flagcrzal.rb rov avcryvdronl vo or"ep0elqv nagaxaro no],t nlo evbr,crq6Qouoo negintool.Arv fi6goupepe crxgi6er,cn6te lcirgr,oeon6 tov Aexo0tx6 Egptl o dl.i,.ogEQprlE,rrou pr to 6vopcr I(1i|pog 1l Ifu6pi,)"og6ylve quletr,x6g rlqo:og trov Oq6oiolv xor lrupioglog ttov i,"ey6pevovI(a6epiclv puotrlgialv, 6g,cog11 rcrinoq rou Egprl lrs rov I(i6po naqorqgrlOqxeq6q npo rol,l"orl cn6 roug epeuvqtdgxar 6sv oppr,o6qteitar,,to06)"ou.Na Oupq0orlpettbga 6tr, n I6Eq I(i6pog nou erupo}.oyr,x.Na Ouptl0oripeenioqg 6tr oripqowc preto priOocut6g o EqprlE-Kdbpog=K6opog y[vercrr,orifuyoE rTE Aqpovi,crg,tqg x6gqE rou Aqq, rou 0eod rou rrol,6pou zar, tqE 6l16vorog. Aev elvar dgaye aur6 ro ibr,o nptilro pr,o6 tqg cvcrgeg6pevnEfiQoTlyouprivoglrooproyovlcgo6nou q agpovia nou yewrlOqxt,unt6 rTV rrQoroQxtxq 6109c evd)veral pe rov xoopo; Eivol 66oxol,o va qcwaotoritrle xunoto nlo euxqlv6gt6lvcropa, evol o pri0og tou I(dbpou xor rqE Aqpoviag eivct 16oo oglaiog tirote unod,Oe'ralruog utrlgle r16qota 6nq rou l"ey6pevouenr,xo$ xisxhou.Agcrye uru4q1eon6 r6te 4 egpqtlxrl %ool.royovla xar pti]"r,oraoe pro tooo exqpcarwfi xat newr,txil proQqq,rbore ol aqqgqp6vegcp16g qg -o K6opoE xcr, r.1 Appr,ovia-6l,s6ov q 0€or1rov 0ecbvrrou rrE rrQooorronorotocrv xm perargdrrrllrov oe pu0ol"oyr,x6E poqq6g;Nopl[rrr 6rr, perti cn' aur6 to xuran\r1xnx6 enrleigqpc r.1 tlnaq[q rr;g cglalcg apxobr,xrlgegpqtr,xt'lgxoopoyoviaEbev 0o pog qovel orite opcpr,o6r;ulolpq, orhe avcr]"r;0ogcvr1g. 'Ol"o to ttaxo auyiarcror oro 6u, qv enoyil rnE bqpr,oupyiagtqg xi'oor,xr1gnolqoqg rov E].].rpvcov, q eiioupq 4I

Agrcbio 1oaxo't.,ae ru, xondbra tr;g, 6rgoye 6el,ov[6r,aano tc 6dor; rrrw 6el.avdr.drvtqg xal 6orel.veorrlv levr,rrd ro neqlooeuparou n].l0uopori qg lrogig vcl aroOovOe[xapta uvayxq vc, xdvel 6r,xr;qg elocpoptioto xolv6 Oqoougocpul.>) xcrr,qg flevlcrg() eivor trnoal,l,qyogio trov puOol,oyrrrilv poggrilv, nc,q6p,on ps rqv cr),l"1yoqictr;g egpqtr,xrgg xoopoyovi,a,g pog. Megr,x6gbezcerieg Weraolfioq Alodprl dqlr,oe qnoLnr,xil crvoy6wqol qg Apxcrbiag,dplroav vcr evbmcp6povrorytd, u,g l.crtgeiegxaL rLg crglal6qreg qg or, Aqx
fftoE 6yr,vecur6; E6ol pnogoripevcr xdvoupe p6vo elxuoteg.H 6r,x4pou elxaoicr elvcl r; e[r1g.yrrqqlov or rrol,r,69enag6E l,ctgeurrxoi lcpcxrlgc pero[ri rqg Aqxo6[ag xcr rrlg orll"rcrvu,]r6regr1g e],].qvr,xr1g a6],qgqg B6perrg AqQlzng, qg Kugrlvqg:ogxcrSr,zrlg ngo6l,euoqEr;rcrv q zuqio

0e6tqtc, o 0e6gTov 6ooxtilv Aqiotcr,og,ev6 r1 xuqqvc'rixt1 prqr6qo rou, rl KuQrlvn, 6ev tltclv r,inort ol,Io nopd q qg Aqncr6txtlEAqt6pr.boE.O priOogtou 696<> qoug Eqprl unrlgle xcr, orTv Kuqrlntl xol, )'61trl cuto{, o y6pognou ng66trloetq i'qotgtxrl nqdETlrou orov A16l'l'oottlv lfuqtlvtl 6vopcr Bdttog' H vcr nrlge to 6r;porpr,l,6g qg ol6oqg 6xove xcn qv Kuqrlvrl ouveubqtonoiqoqcuttgg oro p6oa tou 6ou n.X. ur. va lqttloer, crn6 tqv Apxobia rrlg vopoOeoingrqE?rov onoi,ovxcrl 6l'a6s tov < crurtl oto rrg6oono tou Aapcbvcrxtu afio tr1 Movd'ven' Me tq oer,qaqg q Kugqvrl tltcv q peoa(ouoa avdpeoa otov el,l.qvlx6 xcn tov aryunncx6 noitr,tlop6. An6 tqv Kugtlvq qtav q xcrtayoytl tou yevdqlq qg cr)',elcvbgr'vrlg cn6 tqv Kuqqnn qtov xcru o nto noiqoqg Ka),"i,.tpti1ou, ear,otrlpovcrgEgtrtoo06vqg' O ol"e[avbqr,v6g oqpowr,x6g releutolog rltcv xal 6qpr,ouqy6gev6g 6noug pe tov tltl'o 'IotoE pruoqoripevcr uno06ooupe6tr, o i6r,ogo uEqptEo. Egctoo06vr;gyvtbEoe otoug crlefavbqrvorigtqv agxcrbtxrl eqpqrrxrl xoopoyovi,a.Emr,5t1to 6nog out6 6ev odlOqxe, eival abrivotov vc e)'6y[oupecrut6 to pl6qogqg elxaoi'crg 'uo peoltlx6 pcrg,a),.}.dra laatxa priQqqg nou aqoqoriv q6l,o tqg Kugqntls pnogoriv vcl el"ey10oriv.O avcryvdlottlg roi,qpcrexei,vovtov ruegiepbev [61aoe oro rrQoovoqeg0riv on6qcroq va lbgrioer'plt'o aai,gver, yo t6noo 6nou o Eqprlg r6l.q r,xcvtl va 6e10eitoug nq6toug ovOqtbnoug'fia tqv i6ra nqrrxo-t6irq ylvetcrr,I6yog 1{ol,orov tiotego egplqtlz6 6r,oloyo
27).

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ragdgOqxeexei xat cur6 ro np66l,qpc pag i,,river, ro vroovcrxcl,uq06vnolqtrrcr:6nog 61ol q6q ruer,,q or;paolcr tou ouvi,o'uc,tol, czE6cbgo.ro 6n cut6 elvar ouv6erlx6gxgixog y,ero[ri rou crgxcblxodzal rou e],],qvo-or,yunm,crxor3 eqpqrr,o;.ror1. Me rqv avdl.uoq tou ngodzutlrovtpla auarantxa, nou ng6ael vo nagcOelrorlpr,e6n, ncgol0qoav ox ayiarp p€ rrlv ngrrxaglr,xr; 0gr;oxeio rorv Apx
44

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(EN APXH HN O AO|O>...ll H EEEAIEH TOY AO|OY flgdrtov, q 6r.6ooxa)rioyrcr ro otollela. Enl0uprilwcrg vo roxroJlolrloeurov <>, 61),,c6rlvcr rc,xronolqoel tqv ngoarbvmrril"q (o' crur6 ouvi,orctcl, rcu, q g(r,xr16r,agoqti petc[ri tqg e],,],qvr,xrpg xcn qg e6go'r,xr1g avri],qrfqg: o @e6gqg flal.r,dg Ar,a0qxtlgnl,cr0er,rov x6oproua6 ro rinoro., evdl o el.l.4vr,x6g0e6g p6vo er,qr;veriel ra e10gr,zd orolleic rou r16qundqlovrog orlpncvrog) o Epprlg xcte6d(er,to 6l.6ppclrou oro <>, 6ql,obrl ou'u6nou anorsl,sl,ral an6 r6ooegcrotoryeicr,<6p6puo>tou z6opou. Avdpleoclo' ourd tcr otolleia un
6yrveoe cgxerd pu,xg66a0p6: ug enr,a [rirvegtov n],avq_ ttrrv rr,g yvroqi[er,n6tl o fl].titrovcg, enibgoorl rouE orl 4 polgc 6yr,veri6q orc ngcilto 1q6vla g,etc tov M6yav 4],6_ fiovbpo no],ri 6r,abe6op6vo 66ypa. 866or,o,4 6vrrroqsutdrv rcDvsJrrorqp,ovlxtilvzcu,6r10evulrorll.rovr,xrrlvEe6op6varv [.rsrov oge],rgeqpqtr,op6qE agloicg Aqxo6[og 6ev ngay_ pcronorrl0qxe lcoglE nagd].oycuo EqpTE on6 p6vog tou 8rlpr,ouqyelt6 entd frbvegrrov n].crvrp6v, oupnepr,],ap6d_ vovrclE enop6vrogx,aLrlg [rilveg tou rp],r,ouxar, tqg oe],r1_ vr1g,evrbcgy6regcr, 6ray ay"i:nrrror vo 8qpr,ouqyqoer, rov dv0Eono,o rpl,r,oE xcu,q oel,qrnrlaxo4abev unriglouv.,Opog nq6nel vcr elpuore euyv6povegorov nolqtr; yKr,rTv ncrgd_ 6)"erpqrou:1dpq o' cutry pnoporipevcl ono6ei!,oupuonop_ cp[6o],o6tl to corqo].oyr,x6 auarartx6 rr;g xoopoyovlag nqoot60qxe perayev6oteQo,orrlv nqortoglr,xrl egprqrr,xrl 6r,5aoxsl.io.'OpcoEqr.[dr0qxeoutrg no],ri ^1egd:to yOl"qo rr;g nl.atovtxilg xoapoyoviog rpav peyd),o xar" q nu|,rw egpqrlxrl crw[].4pr1yr,o ro cvOgotr,voy6vog ay ayx,aar,Ltra cyxaarma leya feyaarqxe. Otrrcog ro nro nlo onpo,vl,^to o ewat ro tgiro _ q Oetopictou A6you. Ebcoyi,vetar,ar,o0qttyq peyal.rheqqnqoo6yyr,oqoro Xprotrcrvropo.<<'Evapyfi firo o A6yog, xai o A|tyog firo napd, r(t @e(t, xat @e6gfiro o Aoyog. O6roE firo iv apyfi napd, r(t @etp.Ifdwa 6t aircil 6yewav.xa(, Tapig ahiotfr 66v tyerlev o6666v 16 onoiov 6yervev.>>...Ilgriypcrr,, 6ev 6qplougyeirol r; ewrinorq 6tr, o ouyygocp6ogflqg xoopo_ yovlcrgpcrgr10e],evc ncrgouor,rio€r pro XovrQo,0opp6vr; er,_ zovoygticpr;o1yrcr ro puorqgr,cb8qxat yqmra 6u0#g 6v_ vorcgl.6yr,otou Eucyyel"rcdl;'Oyt 6p04.,O1r,o A6yog ttoO, ecur6g, al,)d r; evodgxoror;rou A6you. <. Ei,vcrrexelvo to v6o nou 6[6crozso Iofiwqg. O A6yog i,pav xat nol"r,6regcrepqcrvdgorolleio tqg el.l.r1vl_

xilg xut" prii'lorc rrpg otrorxrlg x,oopo0eo4iag.Elvcr n€Qrrt6 vc noripe 6rl o A6yog xoO' ec,ur6g6yr,verq vedteqq eno14 o,vrlzei,g,evo rou Jlro 6wovou ev6r,cgdgovrogrov cpr,l.oo6grov. Ynriglouv olt6xl,qpc 6tflLia crcplepop6vooto Eqtlpa qE y6wrloqE xor rrlE e[6fu,[qgqE 6worcrErou xoopoyovr,xori<> A6you. Iir,olrega q go:or,xr1 cpr,l,ooopicr6r,cr06rer,prr xotanl.qxrtnf pelrt:uq crn6 rov ouyrexEp6vo rop6c ewocil tq
agxcrbr,xodzil rou el,l,qvo-aryuntu,xodeppqrr,opori,aIId orlte onoxl"eira,,666ana,ro evbelog,evocutrl vc nrlqe ro Aoyo on6 q ottrxttrl xoopo0etoqia.fro v' oruo8ei,frotr1 06or; pou yro rrlv eqprlrrxr1ngo6l,euoqtou A6you 0' crvcrqeg0tboro e[r1gneglo'ro,Tlx6. yLa rov cr,QO ovcryvrboqg 6ev liyuat 6,n er,ncil0qxE lcrdr,orarorqoyoedrl 0e6 rov Aqxcrbtrrv6oox Ti, vo xrivoupe; 'Erol eivau H l.oyr.xr16ev 6r;pr,ougyloecrur6 ro orip6ol"o nou e[e],i1OqxsroroQrlrd 6wcrg anot6].eopa trlg orablaxrlg perarqonqg tou pu0ol.oyrlparoEor gr,Loo6cpqpc. Kcl yro vo or,yougeureiyl' cru'r6o crvcryv6otqg,0' crvag6gol rTV filo ruchd pagmglc yrcrrov A6yo, nou ypticpOqxe nol,rl yiver, yro out6v. Eivcu,q 1g6vo ngr,v 1 orror,xq6r,6aoxal.io 48

paqmpi,a rou fll.QKPATH>: E6pe6 rrog o A6yog exqgdler, ro no,v, ouvel6g negr,orq6ger, %ol rreQrorQdqetor(aei nd'efl xat" eivcrr,6rio er,6drv- al,q0r,v6Ezar, rirerirr,xog; EPMOfENH): Kctplo cprpr,6o],icr. >QKPATH>: To oi,"rpr,v6,l'.orn6v,p6pogrou ewat Leiov xa[ Qeiovt4,alxoir,ow.,'ri aurori rutivco,avtipeoo oroug Oeorig, ev6 ro $erhlzo pdverxtlrrr.oxol ei,vu,l, tpaTri ttai rpaym6v (cn6 to qdyog). Enelbq ylgro an6 cut6v, rov rgayr,x6 6io, 6qlabrl, 6giozowcn or rr€Qroo6tepolpriOor,xor, rc rp6paro. EPMO|ENH): Md)'r,ota. >AKPATH>:'f2ote orrlotri o A6yog, nou pavep6ver ro fiav xaL ouveltbgnegr,q6getal(aei ndrdtv) rar, ovopc(ettn IIdv ain6hog (y6o6oox6g) eivar,\tEurTE(pe 6m)'r1q6ort) yroE rou Eqprg,6wcg an6 ndvol )"eiog(aqqog) xal an6 xarco rpa76g (tE1or6g) xar, 6porcg pe rpdyo. Kcr cv or' al.{Oer,co flcrv eivor yrog rou Egtrlr;,eivcr,A6yog 11oEe}'q6g tou A6you. KoL xa06l.ou nagrifevo 6ev eival 6tl r' cbriilqtcr por,dfouv peralri rouE.)) (Merdggaoq fidwrl I(oultooftou. Aerlcq Erar,gi,crEi,,l"qvlrubvEx66oetov,ae)rl415 sic!) Aqori 6r,o6

xor (o EqF IE = o no.r6qcg rou A6you>. Enr,otg6qovroE ndl.l otr;v Koopoyovlo rou )tqco6oriqyou 0c boripeno],ri erixol.c oq yepdtrl ev0ouor,cop6neqrygacprlrou A6you pla el,ccpgr,d nol.epr,xrp [.r€rov fl],otovo. )ripcprrtvoFe rov tel.eutai,o, o A6yog-fldvcrg eivcr. 8ipogcpog,ene6r1 eivcl xol al,qOrlgxol rlrerit4g,ev6, oripqolvo pm rov avrrlvup6 lr0S, o A6yog elvcn ncwa o],qOr1g, ora leiirq nou 6ev l"6verp6para, U,erqv cyvrl ruelOril yQrlyoQoE cyyel,r,oq6gog rou xcrOcgorivo1pcrog rou ncr6qc TOU.

Km ov elvar 6tor, norr eival (xeq. 10). . O ovoyvrborqg 6l,6aer nolg oryd-or,ydq ngoxcrplr,xrl puOol.oyr,xrg clvti)"ryl.rqp6ocraru6peqrx6gacpop6oer,g zaOog[[etor. an6 rqv tgclr.ti otigxcr r\E x,aLperctrroqgtoverar, xcn crutrl os l,rroogrlqqp6vrl perocpuolxrl6worcr.O flavcg tou cgxoSrxori eqpr;tr,opori,o fldvag-A6yog rou fll.srovo, o (prsQor6gA6yog tqg KoopoyoviaErou )rgco6oripyou, o Aoyog rou flolpavbgr; xar, r,t\lxu o crn6l,utoEA6yoE rou X6yxel, - vs, or encx6l,ou0eE6o0pi,6egcrunlg trlE cqci,qeoqg. 50

< 0o gcorloer,naveig. Arr6g 6gloxeral r6gov cn6 tt;v svr,orioo currlE rqg e[6].,r,lng. <. Me aurd ro l.6yr,o o XQrou,avlop6E ri6elle orov ovrcyrovlod; rou ro 6g6po ulg enr,orgoqrlg.Aw6g rrou rcr exqcbvqoe,nqozrpqu[ero 0dvu,ro rou Meyd)lou fltiva.

51

KEOAAAIO

VI

H NPOEAEY>H TOY AN@POTOY flqorori eferaooupe q petap6qgororl rou eppqrr,opori pe 6doq t4v flrol.epuixil Nyunro, vcroupnl,qgrirooupe plc an6 ng oqpcrvux6grou al,euq6g.O AioE yewdel tov Egprl, o EqFnS yewoel tov A6yo xar, pc[i rou n].ct0elrov x6opo, oprtg 1 6qpr,ougy[orou z6opou 6ev pnoqei vo o].oxi,,qqafei logig rrlv n6rga-xl,el6[tou - rov dv0gono. flcirg 6pog bqplougyelrcl o
L.

oorlyxgr,ta peyahiteqo ev6lcrq6govan6 rrou noQouor,dler, q qr,l,oooqr,xrlrino!4. A)titd rqog to naq6v noqoza)''til tov ovcyvtilorrl vo 61etuaopovtl, crqot tdlqcr0c 6o0ei plc oriwopq cvoox6ruqoqtov priOov Ytcl rov rg6to cv0qtono, ltol vc Oupdtor,6t e8tbto pu0o)',6yqpo6yuvepqtriqct tou qlloooqtlplotog. H Aaqvq, 1rom6v.Qg Apxdblooa cvilx,el e[oi'ox]'r1gou orov tQl.ttlrtop6oo onoi,og,6ptog, rqv 61el onoouonqoel novtei,.tilg.E6qoupe,e[diri'ou, tov 6pogqo p60o nou ]''6er' o An6),,irovagtqv eqolteri0\rr' u.aLqv xuvrlyrloe, troJE rro(l)E vc ncga6o0ei, pletctgcnqul aao autr1, oqoti 6ev r10ei,,e o An6)')'trlvcrg, oqor! 61coe t6 rr(l)E 66vtpo Eclqvq ltot elnibeg tou, 6xcrveq 6dqvq to oyanqp6vo rou b6vtgo' 'Eloupe e66 unol'eippctcrtou v' avcyvtrrgi,ooupe br,r,tairopc tou A,n6l'l'trlva xal 0gqoxet6v ttov i6r,ou crwayovtol.torl rou Epprl nou f6goupe r16qun6'uov tttitntoglgovtgoltol'lp6vo prioo Y[o rrlv x],,ont1tou xonc8loti tou An6it]ttova an6 vo 06tov Eppt'1.Kcruoqori ei,vcn6tol, 6r,xar,oi'.oyoripcrote nqrilto og ooupero eprbrlpcr,Yto rroto l,6yo o eppqu,op6g avOgcilnr,yonl, tou Ar,oXui'ou:.'Eloupe {16q nogottlgqoer, 6u q awi}'qrpq aurl ei,vcnopxeta nagc[evq. Nopl[rrl ]tol, ro 6rlo outd nopdfevcr pcrw6pevo e[qyoriwcu to tivo pe to di']''o: to ng6to n)'.>,to yt'o qg; Mag avaq6qouv tov <
opor3.'Ooovcqopd rq Nr,66q,aurl1 6ev eivar, 6nog 6)"6net" o cvayvdlorqg, rcq> rqE fqE - qg ogewqg yrlE rqE Aqzo6[ag. O yrog tou flel.aoyor] elval o AuxticlvoE, o rivrgog tqg Ku),l,r1vqE(6ql,abn ev6g 6ouvori r4E Aqxc6[ag) xor no,r6qcrgnolt],riv yuDv r,or 0uyct6pov xor ouvenalgngayparlx6g yevtiql4E rou cvOgotlvou y6voug. Tqv [6r,urq Nr,66r1tq ouvcrwdpeorq @r16a,tr;v n6],r1tou I(cbpou-Egpf xat" l..rlgAqpoviog xol enopdvog trlv dl,l,r1 narg[6c rou rQprlrropori.Ebtil crutrl eival q pqt6gcrenrd yl,ov ?(,otlodqlOprrtv0uyar6qc,rv,yevtiqllg, 6pog, 6ev 6yr,ve, enedt,6rg to, nal6ld rqE ro ax6taae ple to 661,qrou o 'Onog Anol,l,ovag. 6ranrcr6ver o avcyvcbo'rr;g,aur6g o cogai,ogxal auy^trwTltlx6g pri0ogyr,o rrl pqr6qo Nr66r161el orrl6aaq rou ndl,l rov i,6rcovroyovrcF6 tr;g onol"l,rivlcg Ogqoxeiagxol rou egpqrrcpori.Or buorullopdvol Nlo6[6eg 6,neauyvexgol y"aLarn Nr66q-6ouv66per,ve p6vo vo 0qr;vei tov ol,e0go rrrw nadrcirv rIE. Ag yuplooupe 6po:E otov Ilel,coy6. Erupol.oyrxd (6nog to 6ber,[eo Wilamowitz) ro 6vopo rou oupninr€l l.rs to 6vopa rou Aoxlqnlori, .uov onoi,ov ngnypcrr, ouvav.rtipe cvdproa oroug crn6yovoriE rou trlEyro rou Aqxd6cl'Io1u, o.uo6vopa tou onoi,ou(=Axvapq) 6r,xar,ol.oyqp6vc pnoporlpe vo ovoyvoQioouperqv <> rou cpxo,Srxor!0eo6,6ql"obrltou Eppry.Al.),ti - rl 6uotu1[o! - oute aur6v 6ev ],unrl0qzeo An6],].atvag: tov'Io1u rov ox6toror xor rov Aoxl,qnd rov 6xave blx6 rou ylo. flgdypcrrl, oe brioxol"ougxaporlg 6[qoe o ep4rrop6g, 6rav cpogeigrou rlrav or Aqxdbeg- 6vog l,c6g a6ivoprog,6r,1crop6vog on6 eototepr,xorlg ruol,{,louExcrr nm[6pevogcn6 toug yei,toveE,r[ou 6ev pnoporioev' cvrrotcr0ei odre orq Oqrlozeurlxrl xatolxr,qarl cn6 pr,o 16oo peydl,q nol,ltr.orlxr; 6rivo6r,qnou r]ruv o An6l"l,clvag. An' 6l.o crur6 ro xou6dpr,rorv pri0tov to p6vo nou oupneqolvetcrreivcl ro e[rgg:11opxcrbrxrlxoopoyovic lpdy54

rou JlQoroclv0g6nou'tou uan, teireiooe Ft rrl bqpr'ouqyia

aut3s nsotocrvoqor onoq.i,t"t'o'v6voug' ;il;;-;;, 1 6yi:9::: rou -Yto vcr61oupe nogy6wqoepetq oer'qd osrotouE

toug urr"o yroug xat enra x6geg' an6 "qro[ (o ovcyvdrotqg lr6qeu *i, ,orAy*rcrt ol, }"ooi' Kcrl rlotega trou rrlE negiooeucrv acnbla to "* i"t -t'nqxcil,o 6ots)'ve oxqr'6dlg6ooepcrvnaworl Ji, ""0'"" orivoga qg) cutoi' Tqv nn-nirotlota ouyttopltouE ot6gouE tou tQpYp'opori' tqg Acpqlt^
ff

KEOAAAIOWI o @Eo>@oT To enr,66[r,o zol rrlqci,o,ncg' 6].c ra e],ctr6por
L

El,l.aba. Km 6pog, q enr,6lrooqtov npdrlv <, orr,E<)qpleucooer,g qg gr,xrlgxor,@r,i,.ol,oyr,x4g tou llcvernotqpiou Aryi,u6 Aolrlg fletgounol.rlg>, 1898). Nopl[co 6rr av o Reitzenstein pnogofoe vo XQrlorl,r,ofior,rloer, riyxugrl aurrl tt;v efi,ar,gerlxd nol,l,6g uneg6ol.6g xcr, l"oyrxr; pel.6tr;, 0a ei,1eanocpriyer, rou 'ror 6ev 0a e[1e napdnovo yro rrlv oryunropavic. O 0e'rix6gi6r,g@cor,l.om6v, eEoeXrlgi,.otpeu6tcrvoto Xg,ouv o4 0e6g nou 8r,ogyrivoo€rov x6oprope to l6yo rou. Nti yr,od out6E og pril.ogrou fiovoryunlno,xst ouorlpcrog 6yuve .H Aiyuarog, 6prrrE,6ev eivcn, El,ltdba. O 6ev yrv6tav cwr.i,.qnt6gorg exelvoEnou epnv6erro ],6yo,rrlbqpr,oupyrn\nrtpq rou, rrl l,oyr,xrpouv6nen rou, rrlv mlvqtq opoprprcrou, - 61r! ol.l,o p6vo clg yvciroqg poyr,n6v exqgdoeorv nou 66vouv xax6g 6uvc1.le6o' aur6v )t,crrorov dl,l,o x6oplo.I6r,ai,tega orov d),},o.Eivar, naoiyvooroE o cp66ogttrw Alyunticov yro m,Enileg rrov gulrbv rouE orov I(ito K6opo. fl6ooug xr,vbrivoug6r,6rge1eq lruxrl otr1 peta0ovdtr,crnoqeio qg el0goig rrlE r[ou rrlv cn,5 toug puotr,xorigxor rQol,r,sQoug xapteporioav yro vo rq 6coovioouv lrol, vo rIE ndgouv xo;t exewqax6pc qv nltoopotr,xrp6ncp[r1 xrourrlg ricpqoe 6rr o o Oavorog!No l6pouv cpaye or, e10qrr6gbuvdtrrer,g @rrlt nqoototeiier tqv tpuXnrl, ox6pa xcxl.riregu,otr tau"r,Larrlxe ps rrlv rfuXrl; O Oavtirvcrcpoporbvetor,Iom6v, pe 57

rov @cot:.Al.l.c vd, o 6q6trrog rou tq6pou 6per,venioor, o ne0ap6vog6q60qnepnqoord oro 6lzoo11, xol e66 o xrlpr,ogtov ),6yarvpnogei vcl rov 6oq0r1oer,. <>.Eivcn, oopcl,rog,nol,ri ouyxr,vrlrtx6arotyeio, a)"),,do pel,erprlg pag ng6oe[e xcrLr,ny cvtiOerq ru],eugd currlg tqg nior;g. , yg
<toriE .pdvtlxe o)'oqaveqq: 6g6po tou otov nivcrzcrJ[oU'toQtoTavelto peta0ovotr,o q xuvor'6uox6cpa)'ou ne0ap6voupe ouvobeicrtou ttpqto0 vc 6nqene mlaot) *egol"ou 0eori (ei,var,yvrr:otoi liot ot 6to 6po:g nouv:
59

KEOAAAIO VIII

O EPMHTDMO> O EPMHTDMO>

KAI OI EBPAIOI >THN AI|YTITO

H cryuntcxrl unrlg[e p6vo plo cn6 rr,g6r.io0gqoxeieg ps uE onoi,eEo el,l,qvr,x6geqpqrlop6g ouvovt4Oqxe oto 66opog qg Al.e[dvbgercrg, evrirq 6erireg4unrlq[e 4 e6go'd_ ,rn >' cur6 ro oqpreionq6nel vcr unev0upi,orD orov avd,_ yvrilorrl p6vo trregr,xtingo nol.l.ori yvrlorti yeyov6ra. H Al.e[dv6ger,ano],rl yqqyoqu 6yetyiver,ro xrigr.ox6vrqo rr;g e6qc'ix4E6r,aonoqrig: brio sfi6 ng n6vrr ouvor,xieg qg rlrcv e6go'ix6g.Al"i,.
L-

tlrav nm 6rlozol.o:q e6goizq 0grloxei,oavayvdlqr,lep6vo 6vo @e6-Aqpmugy6rou ouQovorixcr, tqg yqg nou 6ev pe pnopotoe vo rdurtorti, pe tov EQprl,zoOtirg,oripcptovcl to xripro 66ypcrtqE OqqoxeioErou, o i,6r,ogo EgprlErltcv 0e6E.A),.}.
yvtogi[ouv rov evegy6Aqpr,ougy6tou xootrrou.'f,)oreo Eqprlg 6yrveberiteqogOeog,
yuntnxori eqpqtr,opori.Enaval.op6rivol 6tu ext6g an' awtg 6ev e[1e o1e6ov u,g neqr,otcostEo av6teqoE egpqtr,otrr6g vo tlOei'ctvvo egpqtr,ot6g ol ro crtYuJrrtox6.'Ioo4 tinotcr atyultr,ozr; aglala rqv ngooaqp6oouvot1 Og1ozei,orouE ,c),,)'dbuonlrbE q ooqi,craurlr;tav t6oo puorxq, nou 6ev tqv natc)ttr6alve xavrivog, orite ot i,6r'or' A,fiots,[eito on6 ovcgi0pqrtE o]torol,vtigxcn aoool r,epeig. qeig q6gpouleg nou pcr0ar,vavan' 6!o loqlg va pfiouv oro v6qpc toug. Aut6g or, q6gpou)'egdqeoov otov ncttbreQo eQpqrrop6,ylo tov cvtixego, 6pclg, onobei'10r;xav alqqoteg. O crvdxeqogegpqtr,op6gawlorioe dq0ovo to u)r,m6tou crn6 tqv el,i'qvtxtl cptitoooqic,xugirog an6 tov pri0ougotq otolr,xtleqpqfl),.
KEOAAAIO IX

H KOPH TOY KO>MOY H (MAYPH EIIDTHMH> Aut6 nou ovopd[oupezartilreqo egpqnop6 pag obqyel ngdrro on' 6lc oto ltirgo l*1g paye[,ag.'O],oEo x6opog xana un6 to qeyydgr,ei,val yepdrog 6cnp6vn. @c ouvavtrpooupecuul tqv crvdl,qrpqxcrr orov o,vcbregooQp,qrl,ap6, exei 6pcoEn oqpooio rlg eivcr 8r,cqogetrxrl.ExeLr,a 6cnp6vr,cta go6odwar o4 6i'c6eEl ylo tr;v rfulq 6wa, evdle66, o,vu,06tcog, ngooncOorivvc 6q0ouvoe enaqrl poli rouE yro va anoxrilaouv rucrw6gelboug eniyerc cycOti. )to 6cq6vr,c xuEoglei to Oeyydgr,fiou ord, el"l,rpr,xtieivar, 11Exdtq, evcirota alyunncxd, ei,vo,r, o @ror, o .'Ooor [r6gouvaurd tc ].6yla, 16 g6ppou]"eg, ta [,6gxr,a,pnogotv vo unortifouv rcr 6aq;,6vLo.Mla L66o ylo ro nrilg rpav aurd pnoqei va pcrg66oer,q ncpaxdrcl ngooeulr; nou 6q60qxe ypol.lp6vi1o' 6vov n
64

I-YNATK(DN.rN(DptZc) -ro ONoMA co\. noy Â.Mnet c-foN OYPANO - OY(DEI OY,I.CECNOYCDEI OA.MCNCDEENEOMOYX. AY-rA etN^t -rA oNoMA-FA CO\/ C-rtC t-ecceptc ro)Ntec -foY oYP^NoY. rNOptz(D K.r.r -rtc MopQec co\r noy errurr Or e'-HC C-rHN A.N,\-rOAH erc^t tBtC, C-rH A\"cH ercAr KYNoKe
Aurn rl ngooeul4 bev negr,61elodte g,ucoxriq4 nou 6ev Ocre[1eovd,o'rol1oorrE oQxcx,rocruyunrlox6g g6ptrrou],eE. H 6uamfi brivupq rqg enr,6ol.r1g ouviotorcrr oto 6rl o fogxr,orqg [6ger tc cr]"qOlvdovoporo exeivov orouE onoloug 65

o,neu0rivercn. Al.l.ote o Vulonopn6g @ot pdOclveotouE ngoo'uo,'ueuopevoriE rou vo yvcogi[ouv rc ov6po'ucrrov teptirrov rou trkitro K6opou '4or rov 6lxoot6v qg Kqioqg, evcirrcilqa q i6la yvtrroqorq6cpetarevcrvd,ovtou 6[ou. ovopd'rcov &rlolttl elvcnzcr q yvriroqtov <6crg6crguxtbu> rou: ewoorlvrol rd, e6qaixti, 6nog 8eilvet n poQqqBcrgo1r1lt(Barachel) nou ntigOrlnean6 tr;v nl.o6ora 6ar,povoloyla try e6ga[xr1gxo:66uLag.Me ]'iyc l6yr,a, 61oupepngoor.To tel.eutaic i,,6yr,o6ev tcr xans.Laiswer zoveig, vopilo, 6ptrrg,6'rr,pnoqorvo tcr efqyrloto. Ilgdrra ai(' 6l,a va branmtcbotrlto yeyov6g 6u, qg K6gg exelvogo Kaprlqlg nou 11ouy,6l6uawci10eoi,.oyi,o rou K6opou anoxai'.el pcrOqttltou Egpttl 6ev e[vcu,d].i'og ncpd o i6r,ogo EOtrqSxcu,pclrora sur6 elvcl 6va ano tc rou ov6pota: aut6 crnobelxvrielgcrvegdI fiQooeultp (61..Reitzenstein, aeL.29),6nou o Eqpllg oto t6l,og ovopdoqxe . Nc avcrcp6gonagcxtitcrl 1.trr 'IolboE otov'elqo yrr r"E nsevbraq6pouoaaqrlyqorptrlg (Berthelot, Coln6l.q Ogpovori0 rqE orrlv r,eqr1 En6teu6g lection des anciens alchimistes grecs, 29).
oxeua(erat ypuo6 xat aor1p't.T6te aut6g ei'ne6tr' 6ev 61el vo l.tt to paOet xoOcbgto ngtiypc aut6 elval 6r,xcri,trlpc nol,u puottlgr,o, al,ira qv en6pevq FriQo 0o egl6tcv o agldyye)rog Apvcr{l. nou dlel efouoi,o vct Fou cncrwrloet otqv egdrtqotlt our.H'Ior,6o en6pelvexcn xardqege crut6 'Erat ufi6 tov Apvor1l,.nqorll"Oeq ertoulg'q tqg rou r10ei',e. ncrgooxeurlgrou XQuooqlorixcn tou croqplori' va uno06ooupte6n o ortYptortrt69 Apvatll' Mruogorlpte 6vopa tou Eqpt1,to < 6vopa tou {tclv o Zrhotstog(Berthelot, Collection des anciens rp6g,1r6er, alchimistes grecs, 9) pog nl,qgoqogoriv 6tl undqlel 6va eiboE6ar,p6voJvrrou 61ouv enoq6g pe yuvoixeg: o EptrtrTE ),6et ym aurorjg ora 6t6)"ta rou yld, q q6oq' Ta oglaicr xor wgd ypdppata l.6vs 6tl pegr,xoi,crn6 toug cryy6i'oug, nou egtrrterirrl)4ovtug yuvcri,xeg,xattarlxav orrl Yrl xclt 6pro0cvo' out6g ta pruonxo tqE grioqg: yt" crut6 to )toyo br,tilltrp,tov an6 tov ouErv6 nm rcrtcrbtxtiottlxov oe arirAn' cru'u6su,g oldoetg ngo6qletar' 1 vwg neEn)ravt1oer,g. qul,r1tctlv ytycrwtov. To 6r,6i'i,ope to onolo awoi' 6i'64o?ro,vm,Et61veg ovoptiotqxe Xrlpta xat" olt6 ebdl n I6Ert yry,ta aq*ainer,xugi,togtrlv t61vt1>>,ltot ouyntltQlp6vc 11 crr'yuan'crxt1 lqpleia. Na 0uptl0oripe6tr, q i'6Enfipc eivar, l,Lo.r'aylvowal vopi(co, Ttilga, <>. xcn oqpcriver, Eqpt'1g-Kao 6n' K6opou vorltc tc )r6yrr qg K6gqg tou pqrp6 o' out{ tq lqpeia> o4 cpot6q ylc crut6 oqpaivet <<6plo0e rrlv aydnq tqg. flg>, xctal,a6oivoupe ewe}tilg xuEo),,exttxa:ro ag66)"qpc )''uv6rclv o,v xatcqegvcrv va ira6ouv pl6tcri'Ioaou elotegr'zo 67

6porc[e pe lguo>.Km rpcrv cr8rivcrrovvc yi,vel 6oul,eLd 4 lcoqigbar,p6_ vr,o, xcrOcbgant' aura elcrgu6wav 1 erulru1lcrxcl q dJroru1[c tqg nQ. )' curq rI poQqrltr1 trrerdl,o6ovor,.El.l,qveE. Al.l,ps rqv za0cgd el"iqvutrl €Jrrorqpovr?n1 ogol,oy[o pe 6va noi.ri corppcvro oryulrrro_ x6 oupnl,rlgolpc,al,ld 6nog xol va eivcu,,a\tt,LdLnag6l.c_ 6av or'El,Lqvegrq lqpeic crn6 toug Ar,yurudougtq 6ran6_ rroo,vF€ ro 6lx6 rouE €rnor4povr,x6nve6po.Aev ogxiotrl_ x,ay ar,LSza0agd reyvwtg ouvtcry6gyr,o ro eni,lguoo xol, r;v onop[pr1oqrou lquootl: q t66o rr;g ev6mpag rou ori_

prrovroE toug un66er,[ed]'l.q pr,ar,664- YKr rq 6uvatoulpetal,,l'rovoe XQUro rqE ngaypotr,xflg peraqonrlg >tou Egprp 6yet' enflubael petd an6 qv ntdloq qg l,ctgei,cEtou l{ot 6xsveto 6vopti tou noolyvooto oq 6rrqr.ter,a6itou tou peoci,trtvc-]tot rou lprottcrvrxoti not rou pouooulpcvr,xou- xa0tilg xat" peyaIou 8r,ooriporoE rov vedlteqr.,lv1q6vcov.Ttilgcl elvtrr,lelcrop6vr;, 6nog fe1
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TA ETTA @ANA>IMA AMAPTHMATA (AYEANE>@E KAI IIAHOYNE>OE!) OI EPMHTIKE> KOINANIE> Aqxetd 6pc,:gpe rov r.tcrrrirreQo €QFrlrrop6.Ag ndvoupe rrilgcrpla ngoontiOersvo pnoripleomlv ouolc trlg avoreQrlEsQlrlnxqg 6r,6aoxclicg, cqori qlloupe np6to pla pctr,d orlg nny6E qg. E[vcrr,,ngrbtov, 17 6r,d].oyor,orqv el,l.qvrzr;yl.drooonou 6r,cqgrl0qxav oe erblxd 1er,q6ygoga. Aeriregov, 6vog peyd?',og. Tgitov, I rrQodvcrgeg0eioo uK6Qq rou K6opou>, rrlE onoloE peyd],c onoondoporo poE 6oooe o Iotdwqg Xro6ai,ogoro rou. Auru rs 6gya 6ev ei,var,6l,cr 6oc ano6i6ovrov otqv ag1ar,6rqro,orov Eqpr; Tplopl6yr,oro, ov xuc:."iLtnau1l axExlTLy"Larwav1 paqrupic rou Iop6l"ilou nou l.6el yr,o 20.000 6t6LLa rou xo,r, ocpou o6rlooupe6rio pq6evr,xci, 0o nqoo06ooupeo' o,ut6v rov oE0p6 xan nuls,no),.Lc riqya tou xatrbrepou rQl,rrlrroporjxal tqg a),1qpe[ag.E[loou to 6gyc autd 6ev avrlxouv ortlv i,6r,aenolrg:ro Jrrono,i,,l6o,n' surd (O flor,ptivbqqg) orlv oaxr?{npoaq1 tou 6yrvenqy4 yro rov rou Eqpti, 6va an6 rc nqcbta 6gyc tqg lqr,otr,ovr,xr;g ygoppcrei,crg, 6wag enop6voEr[ro nai,,l6 an6 r,ov 2oy p.X. crrbvo, evdt to vedlteqo oulv rotpr,vrlncrpcl,l,ayryrou lpovol.oyeital 70

otqv eno1r1tou autoxgtitoga Ikrwotovtiou (4og ar'cilvcrg)' Ag aqliooupe on6 tov o ngoqcvrlg dtl.og tou onoi,ou(o noryr1vratv av6ptbv)oril[er'ax6po ttlv cvapvqoq ytc rov ncl"u6 0e6-6oox6tr;g clgxoblxrlgpu0o)royiog.Eivcr, l,6yog anozal,url4g: crcptlyrptlgrpov, 6nog Ar,qyei'totro rrcDEorrlv cpcri,vetcl,o Eqprlg Tqr,op,6ytotog. ota puott'zo 6r,ei,obuotl 6vtovq Jro"oorl nou ngoxal.eoe1 (o floqavbgrls' o tou oripnavtog tori qavqxe 6tr, o i6r,og tou, cru0evtx6g vouE>,6nog anoxcrl,eio [6ng tov ecut6 pe tq oriprupo[r1tou [clvc(e[ tq 8qpr,ouqyiatou x6opou' tou flolpavbgtl> oupni'ntet artg 6uAu"rf tf < <, lopq oto onoiov yivetcn q blai'geoqtcuv otollei,orv.'Yotego o <' 6wog oegvtxoOrlxot rou Siver'qv e[ouyewdel tov Nou-Ar1pr,ougy6 ?r,unog, tq gtlu'a' Aot6g 6qoia navo oto crvdltepoototleio ?tot petn an6 totito o pr,ougyeitoug entd 0eotE-nl,cvt1{€E A6yoE svcbvetar,pcr[i, tou. Tcr xatdtteqa otolleicr nou ncpcrtloe o A6yog 6yrvcrvan:^fi t)"r1%dtoE toriq y6wqoov ro .T6te o lgrbtog Noug"' H ncrqoxdtto 6l4yqoq 6progeivor,t6oo nqort6rurrrl ?td'r'togoio nou eivcrl xpipc vo u1 ouwopeuooupt ?tcrtva al"l'c{oupe to nqotoTUJTO.

<
o 0e6g oydnqoe rr;v ibla rou rrl poQqrl, rou ncrq66tooe 6l,a tc bqplougyrlplarcr.I(m o dvOgonog,crcpodxarav6q_ os rrfv xrtaq rou Aqpr,ougyorip6oa orq grrnd (6ql,o6rl 'rrgnl.ovqurdg oqaigeg- Zehivaxt),ax\gvpe vc 6r;pr,ouq_ yrloel xar, aur6g. Kar, o ncr6goE rou ouylrirgeoecut6 nou 6xuve arnl ogoigo rqg Oqpr,ougyiag otrlv onoi,o etye xa}e efouoi,c.Kotcv6qoe rou cbel,qorl ra bqprouqyrypcra(64_ )ta6r1rcug 0eotg-n)"avrpeg- ZeLivoxl xan exeiva aydnq_ ocrv sur6v xan o xa9tttag rori per66r,6err,g yvaroer,E trlE 6r,xr1g rou rriEqS.Kar,cqori xctav6qoe tqv ouolu rouE rtor cgori perdl,c6e tr;E gforlE toug, 1d)"ryoeva onaoer r7v neptgdpeta tav xix)"av, yla va xatavoryoet" rr1 6rjvaprl auroi fiou xuQLaQXet trtioa orrl Eatm>>. E66 erlzol,a crvoyvcogi[oup€ro yvtrrord orolle[,cr rou Br6i,,iouqg leveoqg. Ka0orgncrqcrxtirrrr0o 6qorlpecrvqr_ gi6ol,oug 8aver,oporig crfi' d,ur6, 6ev pcg eprno6(,!er, rinora vo, uno06ooupsrrlv dpeoq enibgaoq rou xor e66. Al,ld n6oo tol.pqgd zcr, negiegyc evcilvercl11aprclgri,crtrlv cy_ y6l.ow U,srqv apaqria tou av0gcorlou!Aev qrov o tiyyel,og, cl.l.. Autrl q crn6gaor; eivor q ouv6nen tou otl or, 0eo[-n]"svr1reg rorl 66rooav16 6uvdpe6 roug, xaL afi' cur6 cpaiverol6u, or endpdoer,groug qrcrv xax6g. To norcg qrcv aut6E aur6 o flor,priv8gqgapoono,0eiva to xcOogioelnc,gcxtitrll, sl.l.d ro xtival nold cr66[r,axu" 6y" nercrtxa (25). no),ri rrro rrsruxrll,tdvqeivar,q ngoon, VI, 714). )ripgo:vc pe o,ut6v, rl rpuxq tou av0g6nou, negvclvrc,g yrr rqv evoropdroor;qE cn6 u,g opaiqeg rotv nl.irvr;rdlv, roqcl,ap6dver on6 rov crgy6 Kg6vo qv obpdvelc, o,n6 72

ro q[],. T! va norlpe yl' crut6v tov uouvqOloropriOo;'Eva eival fiexi0cgo: pngoora pcg 6ev 6qi,oxerar,rrrd ro Br.6l.ioqg Fbveor;g- 6gr,on6pcroteoro el"i,,qvr,n6 ri oro elil.qvo
lder pe cydnq ?,(,or yro vd, rov anoxripet ror.l6ei1ver,p6oa oro veg6 qv i6ra rou rrlv aruerx6vloq.Ilgdypctl, aur6E xanefiairueto.ro opaio gowaopa xan r6re q Ouoq tov oyncrl,r,a(er, xaL xoy xantyel. 'Eloupe lavcr8r,c6tioerxanou aur6 ro nogopuOr,;I(ino4 6rol egorerirrlx,srov Nrigxr,ooo q vtperl H16, evtb exelvogncgcrp6vovrclEa8uicpoqoEyro ra ncOq t4g xapdqtoverq 6lz11tou cnelx6vrcr; ora vegti p61g nou [etlnilr;oe...E6tir, 6pcog,ileinel ro neglototlx6 nou r; vupcprltov nrlge ar,r1vxanoyil rrlE XdQTo' cut6 ro ourdqeoxo nd0og. I(iruog 6ror o 6poqcpogEqprccpg6br,tog nou enrOripr;oeva xol.upnr;oerotr; nqyrl rrou uvî1xearrl vfpprl )al"pcrx[6c elouor,doqxe crn, ourqv... E6r6, 6porE, l,einel o 6gotcg yro rrl 6lxrl tou oruelx6vroq.Kancrlg6tol, t6l.og,o veag6g'Yl.ag ccporiei6e to priwaopo oq nqyr.1 6oxur1.re agog cur6 xcpop6vovroE rrlv opoqqr,d"o, *o, o, Noidbeg rqE rrqyls rrou rov egotedtqxav rov nr;pcrvpcr(i toug...Axgl66g our6 ro tel"eurcri,onoqopri0l neqr,61er, 6i,.c tc [rporitrrevu, ouoro,tutc.Erui n].6ovrpav 61pogr,].6g otoug Al"efavbqlvorignolqr6g, acpori61oupsttE rror,rltx6g ez6o_ 16g rou xat o,;x6tov @e6xErn y"aLalt6 tov Anol,l,cirvr,o Po8lo xar, an6 rov Kol,),[pcr1o(q re],eutclu orqv ncgo],_ l,ayr; rou flqon6gtr,ou). Ext6g an:c aux6, o TrQoJroyovr_ otrlg l.ey6rcv'Yl.og, evdrtov llgrototiv0pono orrlv €Q[rI_ rlxrl 0gqoxelaegorerhqxeq cprior;, n'yln. flg6nel 6po6 vcr ncqcrbeltoripe crurrprrlv oFocpoviaovopcirrovtrlE [.lro orlprrroor;; Aev eivar buvcr6v zrirtorog crn6 roug nolqrdg r1orolaor6g fiou rvruntoar"ua:'rlxe crnott;v erupol,oyicrrou ov6pcrroE'Yl.agva 66cDoe ptiOo oro rqv lroopoyovlxr;eg_ pr;veicrxor o sQplrlop6g vcr rr1 b6ltqxe otlg cnoxaldrpelg TOU;

O llorpdvbgr;g ouveli[er,:
Av0gonog e[1ep6oc rou rrl qrioq qE ogpovlagtov Entd... q e6oq y6wqoe cp6oog enrd ov0qtilnouE,Jrou crvu,orotqrioq rolv tnra xu1epvrprirv, oeqvlzo0rl),,uxoug, lorlv out,r1 'Orav petouor,rop6vouE enl.qq60q q neglo6og, oe a6pc... l.riOqxeo 6eop6gfiou ouyrtQororloerc nl Ebdr 61oupe 6crver,otrr6 an6 ro Br6l"i,o tqg l6veoqg: <>,thare nr,0av6v o Bu(awlv6g l.6yr,ogVel,l,6g nou ava6ic'roeto evbncp6govotov egpqrr,op6 otrp narqiScr rou vcr 6xcvs orc ovrtyQopp6va l.6yro to e[r1go16].ro: @c,i,verol,, aut6g o yqteuwlg yv6qr,oetqv Aryia lgaqt't 61r ncrg6pycrrg: lexlv6vtag on6 outr'1ouiri,,oyifetol yr,o tq bqpr,ouqytcrou x6opou zor 6ev 6r,otc(er,xap.m goqd vc 'Oprog 6ev crvag6per,t6 cu0evrrx6g l,ri[er,gtou Mtouor;... ncpdplervencweldlg orqv crnl"6tqro xot tq oagtlvela, t4v qg xct yevlruilg oto 0eoer,66g eu0rkqro, tr;v er,?tr,xqi,vtro yr,a'Ei'l.qveg Aryiaglpcgr1g, cl.l.d 6neoeoro ouvqOr,opdvo oocpougrud0og,6otgr,geotr,g cl.l,qyogieg,ta l,dOq xct ta cmloreuro ofi6 rov eu0ri6g6po za0drgnagdtqoe tov alti0euro 6p6po t1, plal,l.ov,[eye]'.aop6vogan6 rov flolpdvqcveg6onorog eivar aur6g o llor,privbgtlE 6gq. Eivar, 6plcrlg fiou epeig tov ovopafoupe, iotrtg,rov (?totcov E'.l,l,r1vov opoxgdropc> { xanorog un6 toug btxoug tou. <>, yl,o l.rcrE, 6116pog yr,o vo pc0ai,vouvpet
pe ra l"6yr,oxcr, voqparo qg crl.ry0elag rqv co66erorouE, vo rqv xrivouv nr,o nlOcvrl xol, yKr nol,l,orig euncgdbev,Trv>. <<'Ioogcur6g o priyog.... 'OprE 6sv eivor,6rol. Ncr Oupiotonagepnmr6vroE yro touE entti yl,ouExor ng enta x6geg rou Av0q6nou xcr, ttlg OrioqEoroug onoloug o avcyvcbotqgno].ri erixo],a 0c crvoyvrogloeru,g Erio enrobeg rrov Nlo6r,6rilvrou apxc6o0q6o'[xou eqptlrropori.Aur6g o crpr,0p6grcrigr,ofe [r€ 1lg crotqol.oylxegngorr,pqoe[E rrlE xowcDviagxanyu' aur6 6lcrqqqOqxa Ta nlo evbrrq6povrc, 6poE, ei,vcnrcr tel,euto,irr i'oyr,o tqg onoxdl,uuqE: <<,tdlexelvoE nou (yet vou 0a avayvary[oeto i6tog 6n eivat a1dvaroE, 6n aiaog rou Qavarou eivat o 6patag>. Avoyvcogi[oupsrrl 6a0uv6qtq crvdl,rylry nou crnocl,eL 6aaq ndpr.nol.i,,rov el,L.qvo-avorol.rxov priOcwyr,orouE np6cpa ne0crp6vouE v6ouE- rov Abrrrvq tov Ncrprcr.ooo, rov'Yl,cr: q yovr,ponoiqor;,6r;l,abr;q dfioptixquvorl trlg cprioryrou xo0ev6g roug ei,val q crdcr qg aOcvaolog qg qu],rpg,a].].
tou. Aot6 ei,vcnto v6r1p,arqE sQprlrtltrlgov0qonoyovi,crg rou flotpav6pq. An6 e66 aaopdvel p6vo 6va 6r1pcioulv q0r,xr1:>. ouveli(er, o Egprlg otov <>, rour6 f,ou,
pngootri ota n66lc pou lrdt pe naqcxcrl.orloavvd, rouE 6r,6>. 'Eta4 xarcl-tqv enofi rou eglopori tou Xqrcrori r,6griOqxcv orr,g610egrou Neil,ou or ngrirregegpqrr.x6grtowtov[eg.To xriguypc yro rrl pertivoua%aLxny andgvqorl rrov 6g6pov rou Oavdrou onoriorlxe 61r, p6vo on6 rc 1eil.q trov pcr0qtrbvrou rrQogtq rqg lal.r,l.c[cg: o <> p> cvcp6vowag tqv qp6gcr,ornv onoia eng6xelto va evoOelpe to no].rl nlo no],ucigrOpro nolpvlo tou I(a].orj flor,p6vo.

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O EPMHTIKO> AYDMO> O EPMHTIKO> NAN@EbMO> H >TA>H [IPO> TON EPOTDMO H per6nerra eE€i'rEqrIE sQpqrtltrpgr,6riogxc0oglfetcrr, sfi6 66o naqdyoweg: npdxov, crn6 tqv avcrynq rqE sooqE avdam[qg xcn cltlo],,oyiag,beihegov,olt6 tov tepr,xrpg Ag oq1looupe qE pe tqv t,66crou XQtorKrvr,opori. aytirva an6 ro ngdlto, ener,6rlnqaypau, q cnotulic rou sQp1rtopor! oqv ngrbq xatetlOuvoq6ylve toutolg6vog ltal Fto on6 ug or,tlegqg anotulicg rrlE xot oq 6erkeqq. xut cn6 tq v6cror;v r,otoqi,atqg gul.oooqiuag . Eezr,vcrpe nog' 6Io cutd avcry,qr,o6tprpqoglq nou 06oape trQorlyoupdvo4 - <
o bgopog cw6 r;v oqlaia cgxobr,xrl noopoyovlo p6oor eneivqgtou 2rgao6orlpyou orq\, ,toopoyovic .uouflor,pdv6Qq.)' cutrg rqv egpqu,xrlrgldbcl - tov flqcirto Nou, .rov Nou-Ar;pr.ouqy6xcr, to A6yo - av.ulti0etar,l ril.q, cn6 qv onolc aurr; Erlpr,origyqoe tov x6opo. Bgr,ox6pcore,],orn6v, oro dbcrcpoE, rou ovtoi,.oyr,xoribuioporl. flgrlruer,vc ro 61oupe un' 6rpLv. O flav, 6po{, I crcperr;gicr owrlg trlg Oeoqicrg,rgrcv pn xa0crgd aqxabr,zrg0e6m1to,,nou r1ro,vcyvrootq otqv un6l,omq El"l,<16anglv on6 rouE toroQrxorJg 1g6voug.)r1 Seritegqncrtqlbc rou rQlrrll,opori,tr1 @116o, 6ev tov e(,1cv crvayxr;.lr' crur6 ebrb 6ev r1[egovro A6yo xcn ouvenrbg 6ev unrlgle a.\ruyxnvo 6l.6nouvrov Egprl trlgA6yo. flptiyl.rorr, ro petcrpuout6 axtnrea1at nqge e66 dl,),o 6g6po. 'Hbq 61oupe6er 6tr otq @q6o o EqFllS tautiarrlxe 61r,pe rov A6yo, al"),d pe rov Kcrbpo-K6opo,to tr1g Appovicrg.Aqa, o 0e6g elvor,o x6opog. Xolqlg apcpr6o].ia 6Eox6plcotercirgcoro 66cpog rou navOeiorr,xodpovr,opori. )tr;v fltol,epc'rlxrl Alyunto au.rti ta 6r]o geripcta ouva_ wr1Oqxcv,doplfiav zcu,agy6regc, acporie[1av zaro,vor;oel q 8r,acpogri roug, dqlloav vu nal.edouv petcfi! .roug,evdl ax6plc nlo rioreqc, evdrnrov.uouxorvori e1Opori,npoonoOr;oovvo oupgil.r,or0oriv. )rlg oco(6peveg epg,qrr,x6E xrQayporeleg 6gioxouper' clvtigra rfi rrlE nd],qExot rrlE oupcpul.[o:or;9, yr' crut6 elval aol.6 6rjoxo],o va 6d],ouperd[r; e6dr. Ag e[erdooupe nprrlro ro geripa tou 6u'lopori. H 6aar,xf egpqtr,xqrqr,dbcr-o flgcr:tog Noug, o NouEAr;prougy6Exal o A6yog- e[e],i10r;xean6 ro pu0o],6yqpo rLaLWErqv elocpdvlorlrou tel.eurolou dqlloe 6oo ogy6re_ gc, rooo negloo6rego vo, o,v.ullrsr0Jnl(etar, rog ncgo],oyq. 'H6q o A6yog otr;v ouoi,c bev br,6cpege nol,ri on6 to Nou, crcpori6ev tpov crul.cilgl"6yog, al,l,d
cvti,0eoq petc[rl tou flqtiltou Nou xol tou beritegou6ev 'Eylve nqooncrOerr pnogorioe vo pn qaivetcn naqd[ev1. q peoo)'.o6t1oer, pe vo ro vo otiloouv auttl tt1 br,criqeoq -tov x6oplo tttlv n)ratorvr,x{ r,66cryta toug 611ox6opoug xcrl tov voeg6 to gorop6vov, rtrlv z6opo tov 6e6v zau to ogcrt6 x6opo. O flgtotog Noug 0a bqpr,ougyorioe voepo x6opo, evrir,pr,poripev6gtov, o Noug-\ptougy6g Ocl6qpr,oupyorioetov ogcrt6 x6opo. flpcryplatr,,q xootrloyovi,a rou flotptivbq rilel rivc oupnl"{grr:pcrcutorl tou ei6oug, ro onoio, 6ptog,bev evocoptrt60qns.flolt nrc nagcn)'cvqtr,x6 0c qcr,v6tcv vcr c'nl,onolqooupeqv tgr,d6o pcrg trlg 6vcrvxcl p6vov, evtil to tov 0e6-6qpr,ougy6 OetoqdlvtcrE vou lror to l,6yo 14 egyc)'eio tou. Aut6 to 6r1pcltrQoYpootov t6tagto l'6yo Lrsrov ti,tl.o . O 0e6gsi,vaLo btlplougy6gnou lcrEoe to lt6yo o' 6loug toug crv0gtilnouE.'Ooovagoga ro Nou, aut6g Odl.qotvct rov en(rporlv 6lor, ol crv0Eonor,an6 p6vol toug. lt,' outov to )'6yo y6pr,oetov xgadlgcr Ylc rtE QuX6g nol dotelle rov xr1puxaYKr vo toug 6r,cxqg'i,\rl;<.flor,og aut6g o xtlqutcrg 6ev to yvogi,(oupe,ol,?tdor,egpqei,vcu, rr,or6EOeogotloavnog tltov o flor,pavbgqEttol, ax6pcrrov 4ov p.X. arcivo o c)'1qpr,otr1gZdtotltog ngooxal,orioe11 vcr <<6cntlots(,otov zgcrulga mu qi;l,q tou tq @eoo66er,cr flor,pavbgq>.Eni, q euxcrlqicr,o crvayvdotrlg ng6oele 6tr eivor,1 cfilo<<6outr1$ou>, <<6anrioott>>,6qlobrl to el"l,qvr,x6 orouE ltm )'6[11nououvcrwtipe oqpei,cotq lEotrrvoug otoug onoloug oqpai,vel<6antloPc>>. tgt,abc, o x6opog Apcr, o 0e6g eivar,povclba xan 6iy.;t 8qprouqyq0q,xEa,lt" crut6v, al,l,d 64ploupyrl0r1xean6 tqv rii,,q,evtir q ri)rr1eivor, xaxi1, tha:ueo 0e6g eivcn to xal6 xcr, 81

n fiqyn rou xcl.or3, ev6 o x6opog elvor.11 xanorxiu .tou xo.:xois. Aurrprrlv r,66otq ouvcv'rdper;611oqv zoopoyovla tou flor,ptivbqq:ll6t; cn6 toug i6r,oug0eorig-n)lovr,1rrE ,rou bqtrrr,ougyrlOqxay an6 rq qortr,d o Av0grr:nog unlxl;rpe eilcrttrbparcrngorori ax6pra va 6ge0e[ orqv efouoio rr;g Orio4g rrov xcrriregcov otolleirov. O 6og A6yog apr,epdlvercu,ol,6xl,qQoEorTlv u66c6n, ), dl.l.ots eivcl or x\pux6g rou (),evcirotov x6o;ro rov obr;yorlv or (1,ploqol bcipovep nou 6glowal an6 rov x6opo. Av o dv0ponog xctricpepeva o,fiel,eu0epa;0ei cn6 nE cu,o0r1oe6 xol va ncpoSo0ei oro vou, t6re crve6ai,velotrlv , tr1v uneqnl.cvqrlxrl ocpcli,go,, evc0vercr[ov). Av, 6po4, ncgabibercn otc nti0q, r1 rpulrg tou nogop6vel orq yTl xcl pnciveu oe xclvodqru, ocopcrcrcvOgrincw, a)"l"ti 61r f6tov: <6ev enrtg6neral 11 crv0g6nr,vqrpu1rlvcl exn(.aetoe ocbpcrol,oyou [rirou. N6poE rou Oeoueivor,vcr ngopul,tioosr rTv cv0gclrur,vq tfrulrl cn6 pr,o triror,a 66Qqo.flor,og rigoye elvor o 6lpr,ougy6g tqE crvaydwrlorlErou avOgortou;>, cncvtder o A6yog An6zgugog. Ewoeitcru xur,u no;oa nl0ov6rqtc o EQprtE, ol.l"d o avayvdoqg 6L{net"n6oo b[xro e[1e o M6yog Bao[],eng,6rcrv r,o1ugr,[otsv6rr, >. 82

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outcr cxotyovrdl, oQl{trd },oyr,x, ng6tog 0e6gelvcnto @6]rqpc.Ai'.]"dauml q ul6golq r'664 nou ovnxcglot>): cx6pa pr,a 6tiotl oqv cv0g6rur,vqox6rpq.A)'Ior', ffrqQsob6ooxoi'ieg, elodyouv trlg ou,6voliorog an6 rE Yvoorl,?l6E apeoo 6qpr,ougy6tou n6opou tov Artivo (11o9 Aoyog ), a?'),.or, )lqvrop6vqcrlyuntr,ottl Ogloxela poAqq tou Aryc0oriAci'povc (12og A6VoS)noy xara ouv6nelc66yr'veOe'ixognonrorlg rou EppYl.AIIo 6iregaut6g or enlvo{oelg 4tav ecptlyl,o trlv agvqnnq otcoq oo6crgdrvegpqttottilv oa6psQ€E: vavd, touE paptupei o 14ogA6yog fiou ps [ql'o unegoonlncn tou 6t1fetcn tov auotqg6 6uiop6 tou 8r;plougyori no)tul'oyi'o tqv ((lt' eyxota)reinowog crut6, pr,oupyrlpctoE: ta bto, auta %aLaa negtttti l6ylcl, ng6rer,va eworlooupe evbuipeoo4 "g[ro brlplor3gytlpoltot tov btlp,r,oug\o:xoLxL )''ot'Ewotilwcrg, unaqler" 6ev to petaft aurdlv ttrw 66o va 6uo ta n6v ta nawa xoL u,rtotovtcg tcr nowcr, crutd 61er,Eoto vou oou xan auta vc nuoterielg6tl elval tcr """ili, eivcn o egpqttx6g 6u'iop6g.Kar' tdrqa ng rueqcrooupe oto nav0e'iotm6 perip'a.Ebdl npdta crru'6i'a ng6Tttt vo 0up6paoc 6tr, o egpqtr,x6gnav0eiop6g,nog6plor'cr 83

[.f,rrov aratx6,6ev rpcv no].ri cuotrlg6g, aqori (oriprprlvo l.rcrrlv nclald tcrtu,orl Egpryg=K6opog)rariu,[e rov x6opo 61r U,srov ngcilto, ai,,l.. (,8). Elvar, 1 i6r,c tgr,dbclnou 61ouv xdr or 6u'ior6g,U,spro 6prog peydi,.q6r,cgoqo:o ;.rera,yev6oregol 0e6g, o x6opog xcu, o dv0grrrnogeival ttol or, rQsrErouE 0e6qreg. >, 14). . (>, 25 xan l2og t\oYOE). 'Ol,a aurd ncqouor,c(ouvLuo ruol"rixoprlrl elz6va. @a rltav brioxol,o 6porg pe autd ra 6e6op6vava 6o0ei andvrrlorf orrlv egcilqoq, an6 nou ngor1l,Oe ro xax6. H erixol,q ondwqoq o' au'rr1vcxql6rbg rqv ep6tqorl anore?lorloe tq 6uvapq rrrrv buiorrilv: ro cycr06 ei,val sn6 ro 0e6, to xax6 ewanan6 rov r6opo. Al.l.a av o x6opog rpcv 0eix6E, 6ev pnogorioevcr eivcr xut xax6g.I(ar, ngdypatr,, r; oya0oorlvr;'uoux6opou aival ro xriqlo 66ypa rorv ncrv0e'iotcirv, 6nog o avcryvcbotqgpnogoto€ vo, ro oupnegtiver 0;fio xa crvacpep6pevcr itoyr,crrou ouvts,xrrl rou
nlou>>.Qpoio, 6trltog,ncrg' 6irc outti, to xuxo untigler,. An6 rorl cgaye ngorll"0eaut6;'Eyr,ve an6 p6vo rou, orrovtaer o ouvrtixmlg tou 14ou A6you (17), <6nolg rl oxouprr oto 1oitx6 xcn q cxa0cgoi,a oto o6pc, aqori orite r; o 1cr)'xougy6g,otte tr;v axa0cgoi,c oxougla bqpr,origyqoe ou yoveig>.Ewoeital 6n, autrl q aqel.rlg antivtqorl bev Lxavonoiqoexuvtva xol lger,troqxe vo 6qe0orivcl"i'ege[q'Hbq yr1oer,g. o ouvttixqg tou A6you Yto rov Ar,rirva(11og) nr0crv6vpe our6v to oxon6 6r.c1togi[eltov x6opo an6 tq o ouvttixrrlE rou y1. Baor.(6ptvogo' aut6v to 6to1togr,op6 (> plxrl pe to 6uix6 6o A6yo: ro pd)J"ov0a nouv e[tlyeitar, pe to 6tl crut6go A6yog oruobi,8etalotov i6to tov aglolo Eppr1.Ewoeitou 6tr orlte outrg q )'rloq 6ev pnogei vo 0eopr1Oei cpnerd lzovonolqrwf xanyl' crut6 ngomi,vetar,al,Ir1 rf !rio, tgi,q. To xaxo auayer,iarrlxe Fs rov tivOqono: yr,cr crncrgaiqto va xonei q dpeoq vc yiver crut6 tltav 666o;t"u o'y6oqtou U,erov 0e6. flcrgc rov toxuQtop6tou t60qxe q un60eoq 6tl o dv0grrlnog6ev 6qpr,ouqytl04xe crn6to 0e6:o ytoE tou Oeoduntlg[e o x6opog,o YtoE tou x6opou o dv0qonog (9og xar, 10og Aoyol). O 0e6g eivar,oyc06g, o av0gotaogelvol xax6g,6oov agoqti tov 06oq crvcyxaatwa zoopo, crut6g 6lovtoE rqv evbr,> 12) Agcye iror,ogqtcrv cut6g o' auttg tqv ne1>, oxrirpqyv6qr,oetov ecut6 tr1g qi;rttooq; E66 q el.)'r1vr,nt1 er[ t6].oug xar 6Eooe trlv andwqotl: < (10)e.Autrp qv r6ec naga66x\\v"Eq qpr,-navOeiouxrl> orrlv rrorrlrrlirl xoopoyovla qg:
pe ro 1cp6yel.6 rou bqpr,otpyqoerqv oqola @rioq>.Trl per6neltcr e[6h,lrqrqg 61oupeorov sQp1ux,6ripvo (Dieterich, Abraxas, 1891):o 0e6gyel.derentd cpop6gxan xa}e gogd pe to y6l,r,ctou 6r;pr,ougyeirr;v crAxrlri tq 0e6qtc qg Orioqg, crl,l.d tqv 666otr1r1 goga . Aev pnogorlpe,666ana,vcl eyyuq0oripe6n q l.riorl aou -or' crl"r.10er,c, 6grlxeo ouvrrixtrlg rou <> ro < yr,c to oivr,ypcr-6yr,vero u,n6 xorvori onobelr6 66ypc o'rov no,v0eiotr,x6eqpqrr.op6,6pttg 6oor,r1Oel,cvvcr ylvouv ouvenei,ganayxual..rlxtrvvcrrqv 8eltoriv percpogqovovtag xar, dl.l.cr auarur,ota rqE sQprrlrrxr;g 8rbaoxcrl,lcg.)rlpqovcr Fs rouE 6u'ior6g,o dv0qtonogrou xcrrdyerul, xcl, ofi6 to 0e6 xcn o116tov n6opo enrxotvovelLrerov npdxo p6oo rqg v6ryoqgxcr l.r,rto berireqop,6oau1galo?ryoryg. Or nav0eiot6g oprynuir;0el,avva xqarqoouv aur6v rov 16oo 1olt:rc oqr,op6(8og A6yog), rio'uepc46pa4, perdvrooov (9og A6yog), xc06g out6 0a orlpcu,ve6u, o 0e6E6ev 61eroiogqoq xau o x6apog6ev 61er,v6r;or;,evcilva yivel anobenr,6xan" r6rolo 0a rpav crbrlvarov:> (9). A),),d crv eivcl 6.ro6 t6te 6av elvcl cr],,r;0er,a otte 6u, q cpaig€orl roJv clroOrloecovngener vo, U,o,E gdger,xovtd orov 0e6.O cozqnop6g nou rpu,v 6vcrouoro,ottx6 auarartx6 rou Ouiotr,xorisgpqnopori ldvel ro 8rxoitopri tqg unaqlrlE otov ncv0etonx6 xl,
- Zeh[vott'r") MnnFq, nou enp6xerro vo, eival ri1qr1ofl (; xl6i''og o nart'orouE avOgtilnoug.O Apqg 6l.eye6tl ei,vcrr' goErqE Aryoviag,116OaYrK14otrrlE'Eqdcg. O Zeug6i'eye: "frc vc anoqriyol ol'6tel,a tov n6)',etrro, to y6vog rolv ov0q6ruolvnou 0a cxol.ou0r1oe6eilcr yewr;oel x'r'61'agqv T\ip1, tr;v Eirn[6tr ftm fflv Eqtlvr;". O Kg6vog ru]'qqocp6pqoe 6tr, qfu 61er,yiver,nat6gag tqg Aixtlg xar' tqg Avd"Eytb, x"$' al,l.c etne: Vrtfg. H Aqgobitq 6ev abr,ucp6qqoe, pm, 0c ngoo06ocoo' crutotiE{60o xcrr,Hb.ovnxat ltl}'ota, rilote ol ouyyevr,x6g UUX6Svcl p\v rtputQouvrotrrtQlooor€po, unopdvowcrgnohi nlo buocrqeororrlv xurabi'xr1"'Eu11AEQo' Xaptorr6rav o %eog'.. neprco6rcpoan' 6)'"a,6rav tt1 <0cr xripco Eppng, \fuq ru 6)"eyt aura. ). nqdnerva elvcr [qtoripevog6g6pogrqE Eo1Etou av0g6nou tqg Acpgobi'vopo to lblcrtt6qtog aoxrlrw6g:6oov oqoqa qg, aut6g avuxqgriooetcrrcrnoqai,trlroEYto tov dvOgolo' ncrvOeiotlxq ngoNcr ouyxgivoupe ebdr r,\\ 14'axe\r,ge1q (17). KoL cx6pa m'o fexnOatr,plargicr pa excpga[et(20 er'): (EPMH>. Xou ncrpabi6o, Iorn6v, Aoxl.t1rn6,g'' cutorlg 87

touE 6gouEto l"6yo yro rrE u,rleg xat rov rg6no rqg 6Ipr,ougyiclgrou zoopou. A>KAH[IIO>. flolg ro elneg,Tpr,opreyr,ote; O 0e6E tyet"xut to 6rio cprll"o;EPMH). Mdl,r,otc, Aoxl"qnr,6!Kar,aur6 6ev r,o1rier, p6vo yro,ro 0e6, al,l.d ,fdr yro 6l.a ta (ovtovri xaL xa drpulcl. Aev rpcv 6uvat6 vo uncglouv 6wa fiou vd, pr;v eivcr,y6vr,po.|Lad crv acpolg6ooupetq yovr,p6rqrcrorrlv onolcr ogeil.ouv rqv rincg[q rouE ro ei6q, bev Ocr6rogx6oouvyro ndwo,. ... Xqv fiQoypatux6upa xal ra 6rio cpri)"o61ouvn),,r1gq tr; brivcpq trlg ngobrlpr,ougyicgxcr, q 6vcoor;rtov 6rio gril,orv ri xol.rirepa q ev6tqtti rouE, rlou 0a pnogorioclrc vcr tr;v ovoptiooupe 'Eqorra 11Acpgobirq q xor, ro 613oov6poto pcr[i, eivcn xul,;unou fenegvrier,tr1v xc,rcrv6qoq.Bd)'"ero, l,om6v, xcrl,c oro vou oou, roETIv fito oi,yougr;rccr,rrrlv nro nqopcrvr1 al.r1Oela,ntrrg crur6g o peyd)'og xugicrglog qE cpuorlg,o 0e6g,enlv6loe 6l.o ra 6vro xrrr rouE ldgr,oe o,ur6 ro puorlqr,o qg clovlag dvorroQoytrlynE, plaLip,e6l.a rcr,ou\,ox6l"ou0a roo dgoxo: tt; 1aq>. 88

6tl onopoxguvOtlxopenogcl noi'ri u:r6 Aev ei,vsl,crl,{1Oer"a exewatc oxl,qqd xor, cuomlgti )'6yr,otqg 6u'iou,xqEcnoAoqai'6g 6vc p6vo 64pa 61et pei,ver. 1gr, exeivq tr1v 6er,or,6oipovongoo0rlxq oto 15o A6yo (nag.l6): (ltot o 6qotcg nou 6ev 61er,i'oyr,xr1,aut6g elval nou ni'gvdtct 1tcrtnl,avd>>. flog' 6)'o o,utti xor o nov0e'iotut6gegpqtr,op6Eaagcroto 0e6 xcOtilg tUuXrlE 661tt1xeqv cvd6coq qg cv0gcirm,vrlE -ot p€ ovtiOeoq rov 6uiop6- otc xor rqv xma6aa\ rrls orilpcra tov [6ov. flgaypatq o Noug 6r,crpi0qxeo' 6].ov tov x6opo: tov 61ouv v'aLTa frilo, oto onoio tov l,6pte , 6r1Labr1otq yl,6ooo pag <<6vottzto>(21og A6otr,gcqet6g, Dlcriteqc otqv yoE).H cvcr6coqyi,vetcrr,1dgr1 tporgio Yto ro c4ragtqeivcn q zotd6ooq euo66erc,evdr pcrto. Enop6vog to yevr,x6oxrltrd eivcrr,noq6poto: to p6vo rou crl.Io[el eivcn to neEel6pevo. 'Etou, l,orr6v, q 6lcg1i,a tou ro,l.alori pu0ol.oyrlpr,atog -Eppqg-Noug xar, Egprrlg-K6opog-6yr,vepor,gaicryr,cl6l''t1 tq pet6nelta et6l.r,tqrou eQprlrtopori.Aut6g ptneqbeiitr;xe p6ocrotcr br,aotaugcilpevovtlpotcr 6utonx6v xcn nav0etottxcbv avtr,ltrppeovrurr,pcrh,otc y,negberkqxe1cr:qlg6t6[o6o. O 6ra1oqr.op6gota 66o qeripatcr Ocrpnogofoe va oup6al.l.er,oro vcl fi,exoOcgmteito [t1qpcr, a?tl,tictxE6dlg crur66ev 61er,yiver,:6)'or,6oor,nf,otauavotov Eqg,r1crvrlxcrv otqv iEr,cegpqtr,xrlxotvc,lvicr.Ta 6r,61'iatrlg anoxal,url4g crnotel,otosv xorv6 x\rl4a toug, tioleta sn6 to av eilov aglrxa 6uiotx6 11nov0eionz6lcpoxtrlga. O oytilvogtoug epqcrviorqx€[.ts rov tq6no Jrou ortE 6woveg ezbq]trboer,g rou ev6g 11tou a)")'ou geripatog 6xcvcrv oupni'"r1g6pato nol,eplxrlgtou crvtiOatoulagaxulQo xm crgl6tega tig1r,ngoypotei,eEoto e[,6o9tou ocrv vcr ygdqouv er,gqveunx6E 89

onou or,ovt[eaover,l,qppdvog ovoqsQ6pevou<>, 0ereg6r,6coxcl,[eg6rsl6ovrov oe prx avriltegq -6uotultilg az,arav6qtq- 6vorq.'Ono4 qalvetol orov sQplrropo6l"eune exei,vqq gl,oyeprl n[o'rr; oro al.d0euro'rov o,noxa].ripetov nou efcrocpah,oe 11 v[xr; rou peyditou ovroy(r)vrorr;rou rou Xprcrnvropori.

90

KEOAAAIO

XII

H ENIAPA>H TOY XPDTIANDMOY H NOMIMOOPO>YNH TOY EPMHTDMOY H IITO>H TOY EPMHTDMOY O @ANATO> TOY EPMHTDMOY O Xgtomavtop6g6ev pvqpoverietcrlorite pla rpogdota eqpqtr,zd xeip"eva,xt 6ptrlg,prerqv agooelnx( crvcyvartl roug om0cv6paote qv eyyriqtd toug. To 6aotx6 snotsl,eopcrautrlg trlg eyyrkrpcrg ouviotcrto oto 6u, q ncrv0eiar,wfi xareis0uvoq6oo negvotoe o 1g6vog,t6oo neptoo6tego unegiolut rrlE 6u'rionx{g.flqdypotr,, o Xptotr,crvlop6g 6aoi,[etcr,oto 6uiop6 6lowcrg otq 6doq tou rrlv cvt[].qrlq qg cnologr,op6vqg an6 to 0e6 q6oqg. O 6uiotr.x6g eppqrr,op6gtou'rrlnou ttov cnoxchi$eolv tou flor,trrdvbq4, trinog peta[ri tou buiottxorl Xplottovt6wcg evbr,apeoog xmabr,xcotrlxe xax' oporl xor tou ncrv0e'iotr,xoteqpqtr,opr,ori crut6v tov tg6nov vc elarpavtotei.Nd yr,crti,ot tel,eutcdol egpqrr,xoi,A6yot ->avrlxouv ),r,y6tegot1 neptoo6tepoqavegd oto nav0eiotlx6 peilpa. Aqet6qou q r,66clrou ooxrlrtopori untlp[e ngoi6v trlg ?totyt' o,ut6 sivct xotcvoqt6 6tr, 6u'iotr,xrlgxoopo0ecogioE o egprpr,op6gq Ouolcroe.Na pqv [e1v
9r

vlz6 oozr;rlop6 rprav 6uozol"og.nro eiixol.o r;rcv va oqxtoOelq oqpola qg ovri0etr;g r,66ag,qg @rior1g. An, aurrl rrlv dnorl4 r,blairepoevbr,c96qovncgouola(ov or rrQoo,vcrpeq0eioegox6qrelgyrcr rqv texvonoric ^,l.;oiL r,o oorpoux6 6gclto: o avcyv6orqg 0c oupptovrloer.6r,our6g 61ouvxcrr, 6vrovo,otoryei,crrol,epr,xr1g.
t

erlueun6 wuyx\, 'rqv onoia ovopd[ouv er,pcgp6vq,fi un6 riyvon, 6l,a aur, 10-11). Tl elvol r; co66er,cr eival qoveq6: cn6 qv rinorirq rou rQl.trlrropodq aa66ew eivar r; nqobooic 'Ol"a rou eQlr1topou xcr q perd6aoq oro Xpr,otr,cvr,op6. t' til"l,a apagtrlpcrrc ouyloqorlwol, p6vo r; an6otcoq eivcr, crouyltirgqq: uur6 6r,6coxer, q 0qqoxeio nou naileriel yrr qv rirucg[r1qg. Aoe6eig yevlxdrg Oeorqorivtavor XQl,onovoion6 rr;v cno{rq rTE noyovrorlxr;g ror,voviag xcn rulv fio,yo,vrorrxrov clqltbv. O epp,qnop6gouvdmret,rrlv JtLoorcvr1outrtptay[a xat, pE rryv xowavia xal pe ng apydE.'Eror e[qyeircu, o cruot4grirEvoplporpgolvlcgaxr;qcg tou. Xtqv ouoio "rlnora drcrimqo6ev ncgoqgeiror, ebcir:6l,eg or. agloleg Ogqoxei,eg eivor,xgctlx6g OgrloxeleErrou ouv66owar, l,r,y6regor; negr,oo6reQo pe U,oQq6g br,crzu6epvqot1g.Xrqv Aiyunro q6q or,fltol"epoior, anoxalr,orlosvroug eoworiE roug yrlr,veganelxovloe6 rou Eqpr1.'Orav ntivor on6 nE XcbQeg rqg Avctol.4E riotgarfe ro dorgo rou v€o,gorl Kai,oogc qtcv cpuorz66rr rov clvanrigulav v6ov Eqpr1. Aut6 ei,volto v6r;pc -6ncog6r,xar,ol,oyqp6vcog anobelxvriel o Reitzenstein (176 eru.f rrov nqoteireutalov orgoqtov rIE B'Q6rgg rou Opdrr,ou: sive mutata iuvenem figura ales in terris imitaris almae filius Maiae, patiens vocari Caesaris ultor: serus in caelum redeas, diuque laetus intersis populo Quirini, neve te nostris vitiis iniquom ocior aura.lo 93

O egpqrrop6g6pcog6ev xcrricpeqeva g6per,rov Arj_ youoro orov agr,0p6to:v Oeotrprrlvrou: 611o EqprlE,al,l.ti o An6l.l,ovag 6ylveaqoordqg qg vecrqrlgcutoxqctoglag. fio pr,a axoqa -tlar yro rsi,,aurcrld,_ goQd, ,l 0qaorrt" rou An6ill.ova uneqvixqoe tr; 0gr;oxeia rou Egprl. levr,_ xbg eni rtrlv o,uor1QcoE e0vr,x6vcutoxgot6gcov rcuv 6uvcr_ oteldlv trov Ioul.ictrvrtol rtrlv @l,a6i,orvo egptlrlop6g 6ev eiye tnwuyicr oq Polpq.H x.oLroraraorl pnogorioev, al,l,d_ fer yl' aut6v rrQoEro ral,rlrego p6vo otr;v enolq ttrlv Awolvlvclv. Kcl 6pcogodre yr' our1 qv enoyilOev6r,o06_ toupe nl.r;qocpogleg, ol onoi,egapli[ouv p6vo on6 tov 3ov p.X. aldrvc. Aur6v rov xolp6, oripgcovope rq 06l,qo1rov crutoxgct6golv, epqcrvi[sror [rKl xclvoriqrr xo0o],rxr10e6_ rqrd - o 'Hl,log, xcrr o €gpnu,op6gdoneuorvo rov 6e1re[ oro oriorqpd tou. 'Hbq orov 5ov Aoyo (noq.3) 6gioxoupe pla olr,ooqpeiorqngooOrpxl: (15 A6yog). O ,Hl.r,oEeivcl orjts l.iyo orite nol,ri o Aqpr,oupy6gnou xu6egv>.Elval enior;E qogricrgtqg voqtnlg ouolog (6rl],aSrl exeivou rrou o flor,tr^tdv8gqg ovopc(er, Nou). (7). O z6opog eivcn oreqrivr,,o x6opot eivcu,tiqpo...Ol peracpog6g pnepbeihnxov,ro 6oorx6 6trro6 eivar ngoqovdg:6l.dnouplepngoorri poE ro 0eio qviolo pe 94

otecpovloru6axdveE, 6no:g noqlo.rovo,vrov'H],lo .rov 3o p.X. ar,6va. Al,),d 6ev rpov agxer6 vcr evta10ei,orov sQ[^trlrrop6 rl aycnr;p6vr; Ogqoxeic rotv xuqiaqxov - 6ngene vo rvrcr,_ 10ouv xcrr ol i6r,ol.Elvcr, ncroiyvooro 6tr xcrrvoropia rou popcixori nglyxmarou unrpgfieq ],otqeicl tou c,utoxgritogc: q l.orgei,arou 8o,rpovioutou orq Ariorl, q l,crrgeiotou r,6iou orr;v Avarol.rl. O auroxgriroQoE ururlqle ol,r;0rrlg ncrvgrrlpcr'lx6g 0e6g fiou ovoyv(l)g(6ruv an6 TT1vxqotr,xrl 0gqoxeio xau dla,itepa an6 to orqcr6, o),}"a 6ev rvro,oo6rc,v oe xog,lc un6 t6 un xut ytu)"toro, onrogcpcrivercn, r15qnplv an6 rov 3ov p.X. al6vc. To oupaegaivoupecn6 to yeyov6gorr, ourrl lelolgi(er, ux6po tov'Hl,lo an6 tov Arqpr,ougy6. To oupncv crnoral.eltcucrn6 r6ooeglEt6noug - rov ol;Qov6,rov crl06go,rov a6go xcn rrl yrl.Xtov ougcv6nuror,xodvol Oeoi,touE onolouge[ou_ orr[er, o Aqpr,ougy6gtcov ndl,vtcov. )rov or,06pcxcrtouxorjv ol cot6qeg,otoug onoiouEdq1er,o cprrrro66qE'Hl"r,og. )rov c6qcr xcrrolxodv ol 6cr,povr,eg tfux6E, otrg onoieg cgler r1 Xel,qvq. Xq yT t>. 'OFoE rov fiQoyporlx6 ncrvr;yugr,x6 orrq laat\txil efouoic 6gloxoupe ato l7o A6yo nou ygocprr;xe nlOavov orr;v enolrp rou Arox),qrlc,vorj.Ol 0e6triteg anorel,odv oto rirpqpla op6tpulrqolxoy6vero,to ouqavr,onpo_ rurro rqE 6uotLm\g terprisoE, nou xoO#grooeo i6log o 95

nr*1*i*-:i!!!S+it}|re

6r,oqogdpeto[u , qrorcrelo Aoxl,qnr,6g.>,unavtaet"o Egpqg, (Kecp.29). Aurl eivor,q ancrwqoq tou epp4l,opori orouEXQtorlovorigfiou eotxol,otivtcv avti tqg 6ixqg tq 6ixri tou @eor3toug: 61r,6pc6eio crv6aor,l"r,xrlg 96

6payo0iog, crl.l,a neglrtrl rr,pogi,arueqr,p6ver, aurorig orov dl"l.o x6opo, eaedrl o 6[cr,oE0tivcr6g rouE rrou nopo6xiv6poug eivar, dll.o 6vcl apdqrrl4a Elt ler, roug cpuor,xorig pepouEtoug. 'Eroq l,orr6v, o' 6l.o ro p6torao ylveror, q owlotoorl orq XQrorrovlxrl6r,6coxal.io.)rqv aoxqafi tqg crwlri0ercn q un6xl,t,oq orc rpuotna |vartxru, oqv oqvr;or1toug vcl xrQoouuvorivtoug c,uroxqdtogeg q ano06ooq ourtitv tov rel.surolrrlv, ottg e].n[6egrouE yro rq @ei,cr6ixq r1 unorcryrlautrygtqg 6ixqg orr;v o,urot{,QoroQr,xr1 6izq. Eivcu, crurov6qto 6tl xcn oro 06pa rou JlQooxuvrlparogrrov crycrlptitrr:vo egpqrr,op61r,o.;1r,rlxl evo,vriovrou XQrorrovrp6oor oporl 6pcogrqg Oeoglagnou o i6log o Xpr,oncrvlop6g cvoyvtirEoerogocoorr1O ouwrixtqg rou 16ou A6you, cn6 tov onolov o60qze p6vo ro t6].o9,fexr,vder,on6 trlv n].attovlxrl cvriOeoq tou voqtori x,cr,rrou oqorori x6opou r; onoio, 6poE, yivetm cvnl.qntrl pe nol,rl oqel"rl tq6no. Alurr,oTdlvsrrqv rinaq[q rrrw <>, 6nog ol xa0q6pteE xdl or r,66eg. O 6cor,l.r,tlg nou ncrigver,p6pog otq ou[rlqor; (nl0ov6v, o Appow) oupporvei ewe].6g pe outrl tr; 06o11rou ngogrpq rou, rou To,t, o oruoiogouveX[[er,:<'Eror,unaglouv avtavcxl,>.To t6l.og elval xafirur,E argwbrrotrx6: 1og[g vcr 6o0oriv eEnytoa,E,o 6cror,l,r,clg olx6ve'uar prsrrlv tg6qoorl 6u, aq6nel vo qgowioel yro rouE cpr,l.o[evoripsvoug. Trlv eErtynonnou ]"ei^ner, rr; 6gioxoupe6prrlgorov Jrrorloreqo ano roug eppqrr,xotg 6lal"6youg,rov (xeq. 23-24): <
nd, Ocryvoqioelg q 6uvcrt6qta xo;Lrq 8rivotrrqrou ovOpdlnou.'Ontrrgo xrigr,ogxol ncrdpag ... elvol o 6qpr,oupy6g rov 0erilv rou ougavori, 6rat xan o cv0gtonogei,vcno Sqplougy6grrov Oetilvnou 6r,cp6vouvorouEvcrorirg xar lxa- ... - pcrto, Aoz)'qnr.6.'Ona5 6h4netgru sori 6ev 61er,gn[oq! Kl 6po4 rorira to cydl.pcrra 61ouv r!u1r1,61ouv ouveibqoq, vr,coOouv tov n6vo rqE LorlE xol pnoporiv va 66oouv naqd[evcl nqoyparc. flg6zer,tor yr,craycl].pard,rrou ago6].6ttouv ro p6l,i,,ovxgr, nqo)t6youvrrlv trip, pe ngoqrpr,n6 tp6no, pe ripvoug xor p€ nol.l"ougdl,l"ougrg6noug, paogoriv va or6l.vouv oroug av0p6noug apqcirooeE,ol.l.d xcn vo, rouE Oeqoneriouvxal 6i,vouvrov n6vo r1tq laqd oval,oyo pe ro ov ro o[i[oupe... (xecp.37).Or,ng6yovoi lrsg ... enlv6qoov rrlv d1w; vd, cr,vo,JrcrQrororiv roug Oeoug.Kr, riroreqo,ocporirq 6pryxcv,ngoo66orocvr6oq xoopr,r,xrl 6rivo,p1, fiou roug 66ycl,av on6 qv ul,rxry cprloq.'Yoteqc avtiper,lav cur6g rr,gbuvdper,gorc i,6n rc cycrl"pato, l.u,o xal bev.pnogoriocvvo grr,rilouv rfu1r1,xcu,cqod ovoxdileoav ntugrPuX6E rov 6alp6vov xul roJv cryy6lov, ng 66ai,,cv p6ocroto el6col"drouE, pe aymg xcu 0eix6grei,.etougyieg.'Eror nou cutti tcr ei,6rol,oon6xr;oav tq 6r3voprq vcr x>. Ewoeirat 6tt, ol lpr,oncrvoi 6ev bnqcbvqocrvps aurlv q oeo4la, xaocr:gxuru rq yvrilpn rouE ro e6ol.ol.crrglx6 riyal"pa rpcv otrlv xcrolrl rrov 6cu,;iovr,xrbv, bqlabrl rrrtv 6n6ol.lx6v 8uvaperov. <H xd0e euegyeoio06i'erro nqooxrivrlpc. flcgarol,ouOofoov nel0cglqp6vor rrlv eE6l"r,Erl qg Ogrloxeurtxtg aolgox6tpqg, ai,"l,d(owag avol,oyo q 6r,6croxal.iopcg, unotcr[crpeotq 6[xq oag rq 6[xq rou Oeod FoS, ooE 66ocrple06oq oto y,al rcbqc vo qgovtloere yro rrlv niorq oro nav0eo Wo.,E, 98

v6qpo ,Lol c.filbrlvapq rov oup66l,ov poE yto vo, l.r,q061loer crv>. Ncr pqv feldooupe 6u, unori,0erol nog pr,i'delo EQplrlE,o ngogrlqg rou lrcrQtvori nagel,06vrog (xeq.24): <@a 6g0er.o noq6g nou 0a gclverol 6r, or,Ar,ytnrlor pdton npotoov ioug OeorlgrouE [,iseuo66eu xor, ouvelrl Itctqelg.'O].q roug rl rrQqi,,orqeia0c anober,1Oei, cvennuyi6 xat" 6ev 0a yeutoriv rouE lroQrrorigroug. O 0e6g Ocr eynorcrl.elrirer rq yq xal 0o fiavogriyer,orov oupcv6 eyxc-

rc)'ei,nowcg rqv Aiyunro. H lcirgc nou rlrav a)'.l.orexator,xi,ctow Opqoxeldlv0a 1qp6rper,, oqori 6ev 0a 61er,nl.6ov rrlv rlo,Qouoi,o rrov Oeotrlrtov.A].].oyeveigOcrzcrrcrxhioouv tq lrbqcl zcn currl rI yI xat oyt p6vo 6ev 0c undqler, XdQogyro fioQorrlg{oer,g,c}.},cr,cx6pr,olep6tegcr, 0a xaOrcgo0elpe uaou,06pevov6po ]ror l.r€qv aner,]'rq6crgrdlv rupoqrtbv, clnolrg an6 xu0e Oqqoxeuu,nrlnpaxtlxrl, an6 xc0e npd$ euo66engr1l.atgelag rrov 0e6v. Kcu,r6re autq q uneqoyicr yr1, nargi,8cr tov rcgcirv?ror rcr)v va6v 0a xcll,ucp0elcrn6 ricpoug xal vexgorig.Q, Aiyuntog, Aiyunrog! An6 rq lcrgei,a oou 0a pelvouv p6vo priOol xal ra nadui oou cqy6repo 6ev 0a nuoteriouvdnoro. T'lnoro bev 0a onopeivern6gcrcrn' aur
cv0grirnouEtrlv cyr,6qto ,r,clrr1v euo66eu,,Ocr66oer,ro rcpxi8er,ypc qg peyol,rheqqgoxl,rlg6r1rdE. Kar, exelvq qv sfio1rl xougcopdvol on6 q lcorl or,
e[vm ol oyye]"or, cvOgtilaouglror ol, p6vol nou 0c g,ei,vouv tou xcxori nou 0o trvopelyvtiovro lre toug av0gdrnouE]tctt 0c roug elcvoyzd(ouv, rouE 8uotultop6voug, oe xd0e uneg6oi'tyev6grol,pqqorl epl.tppctoE, 0a toug elo0oriv oe aE 6,rt, elvol aw[0enoL6poug,oe )tr1orei,eg, oe ontiteg ,LCLL qruxrlE. qrioq qg KoL t6te rl yn eo ldoel tr1v ro lre rn r,oopgonicr[S, I 0.

r02

KEOAAAIO XIII

H NIKH TOY XPDTIANDMOY H ANA|ENNH>H TOY EPMHTDMOY 'Etol

n60ov€ o tQlrqrrop6E,n60ove peycl,ongendlgxcrr, cv6ofa, ps ro fioQquq6vr,oql.r,o6ooil,epcqg yrlr,vqsoYd;rIE, p€ trp el.ni,6atqg avcry6wnolE rTE oto cn6pcrxgo prli',-trov, ncrvorottlv crvayew1p6vqy4, crvdpeoaotoug v6oug cr€pdlnoug. H evbr,dpeoqxcrtdotaoq tou x6op,ou xtitro ciro qv efouoio tou Xqlotlcvtoporl qdvqne orouE t[Qoqrpeg tou 14 Bcoiler,o tou ox6toug xot rou 0avdtou, org i.crrpelcrrou t
v6qto 6rl tqv toritlorl tou Egprl-Meqxouploupe ro 6r,6l.rx6 Mouoq, auroi 6ev r;v cvayvroQloov]tdl rov re],suralo rov Oeopotocv ru,onall,6: >, I6el o Auyouorivog (De civitate Dei, XVIII, 39), <[orioe exe|vogo At],"awog, trreyd].og oorpovol.rog, o crbe)"cpog tou flgoprl0,Eaxaq on6 rqv nlteupti tqg pqr6Qo,E,noJrnorlgrou nol,r,6tegouEgprp,eyyov6gtou onoiou unrlg[e o EgprlEo Tgr,op6yr,orog>. Ilegiegyo! M6vo xanou exor6 1g6vr,clcilgr[ov tov Auyouorivo an6 nE p6pegnou yqdqrqxe o rel.eutaiog egpqrr,x6El,6yog, o xol aut6g o A6yog ng6l.a6excr, 0eoqeito xrQoylrorcicrqg crnoponqqgcrglar.otqrag, o1e66vouylgovrl tou flewti6l6l"ou.O Auyouoti,vog(De civitate Dei, XVIII, 23 sq.) pe lxavonoiqoq crvaqsQsrrrlv (nQogrlreicr> tou yrc to pel.)tovtr,x6-0dvororou nayavlopod, nou por,dler16oo nold pe exei,vcrnou rugogrperlav or, nqogqreg rqg flal,or,dg Ar,o0qzqg,ol,l,d o unolvlypoE ytc rT 1glorlovr.xrl)'crqeic tcrlv tdqorv rot nqoxal.ei cycvaxqoq. ),,ol.dtgegnpooxuvoriocrvrouE Oeotgoroug vaodg roug, evcb epelE nqooxuvoriplerouE vszrQodgotoug tricpoug rouE)). Enuorq6cper, orov Eqprl rqv lrorqyoQi,arou 6tl ol naycrvlartxoL0eo[ eivor,ol ne0ap6vordv0gortor, ],qopovcbwag6tr, ourq q surlprsQr,ou,]rrp egpqvei,aei,1ecnogqr,cpOei ngo no],l,orl sn6 rov sQpqrrop6tov percyev6otepolvenolriv. levrztilg r; ordor; rrrlv XQl,ou,cxv6v o,fi6vavrrorov rQpqtr,op6 tpav nol.6 r,6r,6poQpq: o ngoqrltqg EpptlEtoriE ngoxal"orioe iorrlg negrco6tego oe6oopr6ncqa an610er,o.866cna, 6ev rov enouvorloovyro tr;v avcyv6qr,oq rou nl,{-

ro4

0oug trov Oecirv,xr 6po6 or, ev0ouor,obelgl"6yor rou yrd rov 6vcv xal p6vov ovrirrego0e6 nou elval cr6qcrog,cl,]d yvogl[erar, p6oc on6 ro Oqpr,ougyqpcrtd'uou, 6ev pnoqor3ocrvvo Frlv rouE ag6oouv.T6re ng br,oqogdgrclv lgovrov ,t,crrrov xc,reu0fvoeov tt,E o,yvoorioov.Orlbrlnore 6cpepe no,vrorou ro 6vopa rou Egtrrr1rou Tgr,op6yloroucvay6rcr,vor 6vov p6vo .Aur6g o tel.sutaiog ov6cpege xuran)"qxtt"y.ringdypotcr yrcr rov 6yay xat p6vov egpqrr,x6 0e6:6tr, rorltog o 0e6gy6wqoe rov 0e6 A6yo xar, petd y6wqoe ro Nou-Aqpmuqy6,6ql,abr1o1e66vrov 0e6 flveri'Hrav po... nol.t quor,x6va exnl.ayei xaveig, av pd),r.otcr oxecpr6tav ror ro I(crr' Ico>, xu 6pog ei,vcn 6uvat6v aur6g va ruag66cooe otoug edoll.ol,ritpeg ro rrro oqpcvtrx6 puonx6 qg altq0r,vrlgniorrlg, tr;v onozdl.urlrl rou onoi,ouo @e6gcpril,oyep61gr.rov eg1op6rou Xqr,orori; O Asxrovrr,og anl.dlg oqper,drvel to yeyov6glropig va to e[qyqoer: dr,oti o Tgr,op6yr,orog m],r,xd crnoxd].utpe,6ev 'Ioo{ ncbg, o1e66v (12b). 6].q trlv cr],qOer,c> ?roryrcr [69ro roug dl.),.ouEcrur6 ro yeyov6g va rpav ol.ogaveqo: p6vo 6ror,pnogoripeva e[qyrlooupsrrl 6r,doooqtorv egpqrr,xrirv zerp6vrlrvnol.u 1g6vo perd qv e[ocpdvr,oq'uou i6lou rou egpqtropori. E[d]"].ou ebcbng6ner,vcl €uxoQrorrlooupe xcrr rrlv rri1q. Tov 13o arilvcr unrlqle p6vo 6va ler,g6ygclporou rQprlr,xori oorpcrog.To lqqor.ponororloeo Mr1ar1l.o Vel,l.6g, o 105

enlotrl;rovoE rrou [avc(rrwrriveQe tov n],arovlop6 oro Bulavtr,o. O Eqpng rori rou Egprlngoo06towcg o' cuugv q br,ooxeurl rov u,od,yoyr,x66r,dl,oyopera[ri tou 6iou xor rou 6aor,]"r,d. flegr,ygdcper,, Iorr6v, nrucg{nuaye ovalqrcovrog rqv al,r10elc, rilonou rov qdxroe o llolpdvOpqg, bql,crbrio lrlooriE Xqr,or6g.>,rov Qtrltcel o 6aoll,rdE..'Iorrlg q nqocprlteio tou re),euto,iouegplruorrl encrl"q0erit^\rll: Wt tqv <
v1orl> rIE yIE, lre r1v enlorgocpr;otqv crvOqon6rqra qg crydrrrlEyro rrlv opoqcpr,o tou yrigo x6opou avoyewr;0qxe zal q 6r,6coxalia rou Eqprl rou Tpr,opeylotou. Aur6, 6pog, 6ev 6r,rlqxeoenolu. Or, xagno[ qg Avay6wloqg la0rpav F€oo otE 0gqoxeumx6gOueltl,eg rou 16ou cncirvo,lrol oro.v oro Tgibewo pcr(erhrlxeq )rivo6og yr,c vc neguoriloel6,rl pnopodoecrz6pa vcr oor0e(,, l,d6aq6 qg crocpol,org 6ev 6yr,vero )'ti6ago rou Egtrrr1. A)")"crngo6?t1paro ovrfouxofocrvr6te ro OgqoxeurLrro %oa1o.H yoqteio rou Egprl Tpr,opeyiotou11611 xi,,oviarn24.E,6tcrv ong cq16g tou 17ou ord)va o fdl,l,og qr,i,,6l,oyog Ka[opn6v tor] 660:o€ ro cxnopoalar,Ltro lrrinqpa, crqor3on66er,feto a6rior,g,o rou Ogril"ouJrourov xoOlotorloeaqlulo Ar,yrinno rrQoqnq. An6 r6re o1e66v6watpcvvo rov 5r,o6d(ouv:q xgr,rr,xr1 6x6ooqtou Parthy rou 1854 6ev xatdqeqe vo ohoxl.qgroOei e[crdag ri].],er,rlrqg tou evbrrq6Qovrog.M6vo rov rel.eurclo xcng6 1Reitzenstein nou e[riyer aurtrl q Sdcoxcl,ia un6 rqv Aiyunro rov @agaril6ev pou galvetcu otrlotq. Avn06rog, ngooncr0civcr enr,otq6rpcl orqv El,l.ti6a crut6 r,o rtxyo nou yew{1Or1xe an' autrlv xol noq' 6l,a ra olyunrrcrxd oruaqyovc6ev 6nctpevc 61er to nq6oom6 qg p61gr ro r6log rou. Aur6E lpav o ngcbrog o161ogrIE rrQoyporeiogpou, ev6 o berirepog{tcrv vcr yvolploo oro xolv6 FoE Jrouevbr,crgdgetcrr yro ro nqo6],r1pcro rTE OqqoxeutuxrlE r,orogicrgrr;v r,66cr nou 6rio qoQ6E,

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1. Ordalia - U,soottrlvlltrli,,crtr,vtxrl)'6lrl (oa6 to YQp. Ordeal) q onoia 6ylvs 69og Ufteil , oriyng. o,yy:l". otr,g pel.6tegenavo orlv rctoqicl qg Oqqoxeicgxar, oq6[xqg>' oq btdqxer,cr<, rup6g xor, or,6rlgou>.(Znpt. rou pffiaEQaotrl.) 2. Ar,o1ril.ou,onoorr.476. H.Mette = Aqrctoqdv4, >,1266. 3. Blr,.to aq0qo pou >oto >,II, 5). (>.t.p.) 5. K6qcopa pte pdl,r,.Bl.. Aqr,otoq, 601. - ().t.p.) ttov (RE, Il, 374). eivcrr,365 av l.d6oupe un6'qrrl 7. Anlabrl to <> avtiototxo rov yqoppdtow: o = 1, 6 = 2, ro crgr,0pr;u,zd p = 100, 0 = 1, o = 2O0,0 = 1, E = 60. aqo8. ytogr; nlo ottota y4vvrlpa(partum). O Ze),,i,voxl relvel prracppuaqptipog (partem). (X.t.l.r.) 9. (43) )161,ro otqv Egpqttxrl flpaypateio, I, 18. =

Michael Psellus. Philosophica Minora. Vol. II. / Edidir D.J.O'Meara. Leipzig: Teubner, 1989.) 10. )upnl,qpolr,c rou Ze]ri,vaxt. 11. Horati Carmina,I,2,4I-48. E(rc eo6, qrcpori yLs rnE Maiag, nou alLa$eg orry W rn poQei oou ot veap6 xat \dyrr1xeg va Aiyeoat . Mr1 dmorcig va emorpiyerE oror/ oupav6! Meive ym no),u 7p6vo, em*up,q# oro Aa6 rou papiLou! Mr1 gtye6 ayavaxuotrtdvoEan6 m eyzhr1parapag raplrepog xar an6 rov aveuo!

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