[email protected]
, . , .
,
.
,
.
«
»
,
, .
,
, 5
.
Kirchhoff,
.
, .
ABSTRACT The writing is one of the greatest achievements of people. This paper is reported in the writing and is given particular emphasis on the Phoenician alphabet, which constituted the base on which was supported and developed the Greek alphabetical writing. Through the bibliographic review are given the characteristics that constitute the definition of writing and become discrimination between the systems of writing that exist in all over the world. Then, is described analytically the “origin” of Greek alphabetical system. Specifically, becomes report in the Linear B and in the possible reasons that it was abandoned and are reported the reasons according to which didn’t’ suffice the adoption of Phoenician alphabet, but existed need so that become modifications in order to are covered the needs of Greek language. Consequently, were created new symbols and quickly the Greek alphabet has acquired local
1
variations, that were maintained roughly up to 5th century B.C. The systematic classification of local alphabets is owed in Kirchhoff, who used the import of additional symbols in order to designate certain consonants of the ancient Greek language and he proved their geographical distribution. Finally, are mentioned the elements that prove the connection between Greek and the Phoenician alphabet.
1. , .
.
,
. (
, 2006).
, .
. ,
(Holenstein, 1983). , .
,
, , (
, 2006).
,
3.500
.
.
(
, 2005).
2. . ,
, . «
»
(Vygotsky, 1962).
,
,
2
,
.
(Daniels & Bright, 1996).
, .
3. , , (
, 2006).
.
,
,
(
)
(
) (
, 2006).
. : (
, 2006). .
.
. ,
,
,
,
/r/, /p/, /m/, /v/
.
4. 4.1.
. 9
8
.
, (Easterling & Knox, 2006). .
3
,
, .
(Burkert, 1984).
(740-720 (735-725
.) ( .
.)
1).
,
. , 7
.
.
. , (
, 2006).
1: .
8
1871 .
.
. ,
.
2).
.
, (Easterling &
Knox, 2006).
(Thomas, 1992). <
>:
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
4
2:
. , .
, .
. : ,
,
(Powell, 1991; Marek,
1993). , .
.
(
) .
.
:
, ,
[u]
5
,
( .
1)
, 2006).
,
. 5
.
Kirchhoff, ,
, Kirchhoff
(Kirchhoff, 1887).
,
3:
«
( .
», «
»
«
3).
»
Kirchhoff. Kirchhoff .
. : [ps] (Kirchhoff, 1887).
[ph]
, ,
[ph],
[kh]
«
»
«
»
. , . < >
,
zajin,
samek,
< > ,
.
sade < >
sin
6
.
,
(het,
[ :]
.
)
(
,
, 2006).
, ( .
4)
,
,
(Klaffenbach, 1957).
4: «
»(
).
,
500
7
.
, .
8 /9
.
.
7
Burkert, W. (1984). Die orientalisierende Epoche in der griechischen Religion und Literatur. Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophischhistorische Klasse 1984. : Winter. Daniels, P. T. & Bright, W. ( ) (1996). The World’s Writing Systems. :Oxford University Press. Easterling, P. E. & Knox B. M. W. (2006). . : . . . Holenstein, E. (1983). Double articulation in writing. : Writing in focus, . Coulmas, F. & Ehlich K., 45-62. , & Amsterdam: Mouton. Kirchhoff, A. (1887). Studien zur Geschichte des griechissen Alphabets. 4 Gutersloh: Bertelsmann. Klaffenbach, G. (1957). Griechische Epigraphik. Gottingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht. Marek, C. (1993). Euboia und die Entstehung der Alphabetschrift bei den Griechen. Klio 75: 27-44. Powell, B. B. (1991). Homer and the Origin of the Greek Alphabet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Thomas, R. (1992). Literacy and Orality in Ancient Greece. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. . ( : , 1996). Vygotsky, L. S. (1962). Thought and Language. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press. , .- . (2005). . . : ( ). , .- . ( ) (2006). . . , ( ), .- . .
8
